Theme 1.4 - Managing People Flashcards
Why is effective HR staffing important
To ensure
- The right roles are appointed
- Support/opportunity to succeed
Staff as an asset
Staff bring knowledge, skill and a positive reputation
Staff as a cost
Hiring and training costs money, as well as salaries and wages
What is multiskilling
Trained to fulfil multiple job roles
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of multiskilling
+ availability to utilise workforce efficiently, increased productivity
- Significant investment to train and develop
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of part-time/temp working
+ flexible working arrangements, attract and retain talent
- challenging terms of communication
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of outsourcing
+ access to specialised skills not available in house, reduced labour costs
- ethical concerns, mismatched values
Advantage and disadvantage of home working for business
+ fewer costs, wider geographical area
- less opportunity for collaboration, and requires careful monitoring
Advantage and disadvantage of home working for employee
+ commuting costs are eliminated
- workers may feel isolated from colleagues, balance between work and life is difficult
What is dismissal
Termination of employment by an employer due to miss conduct or poor performance
What is redundancy
Where the job is no longer available
What is the individual approach (employer/employee relationship)
Focuses on relationship between e-e, each employee is unique, tailored compensations to tailor to each employee
What is collective bargaining (employer/employee relationship)
Group of employees are represented by a trade union, more bargaining power - negotiate collectively
What is the goal or recruitment
- to create a pool of qualified candidates
What is the selection process
Define - Source - Advertise - Applications - Selections
What is a benefit and drawback of internal recruitment
+ Internal candidates are already familiar with the businesses culture and process
- can lead to conflict and resentment
What is a benefit and drawback of external recruitment
+ fresh ideas and concepts
- more expensive, greater degree of uncertainty
What costs are associated with recruitment
- High labour turnover, need to recruit more
- If training is not effective it can impact costs, will need additional training
- When selecting background checks need to be done which again is expensive
What are the three types of training
- Induction, new employees, introduction
- On the job, tailored however, may pick up bad habits
- Off the job, cost effective - expensive travel
What is a hierarchy
Levels of authority within a business
What is the chain of command
Formal line of authority
What is the span of control
Number of employees that a manager can manage effectively
What is a centralised structure
decision making authority is concentrated at the top
What is a decentralised structure
decision making authority distributed throughout - flexibility + innovation
What is the tall organisational structure
Multiple levels of management, long chain command
Advantage and disadvantage of tall organisational structure
+ Clear hierarchy, defined roles responsibilities and promotes specialisation
- Communication barrier, slow decision making, bureaucracy
What is a flat organisational structure
More decentralised decision making, short chain of command
Advantage and disadvantage of flat organisational structure
+ culture collar promoted, faster efficient decision making
- role of ambiguity due to lack of hierarchy, no clear career advancements can lead to burnout
What is a matrix organisational structure
Built around specific projects, function areas combined with specialists
Advantage and disadvantage of a matrix organisational structure
+ cross functional collaboration, specialised and expertise
- conflicts over priorities, resources (high degree of communication required)
What is employee motivation
Inner desire of willingness to achieve a specific goal/outcome these can be either internal or external
Impacts of motivated employees
Motivated employees - time efficient - engaged - higher output - higher productivity - higher profits - lower employee turnover - lower costs, less recruitment and training
What are the four theories of motivation
- Taylor’s scientific management
- Mayo’s Human Resources theory
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- Herzberg two factor theory
What is Taylors scientific management (4 steps)
Process of breaking down complex tasks into simpletons with clear instructions
1. Study and analyse work process
2. Standardise (detailed procedures with clear steps)
3. Select + train workers
4. Provide incentives (bonuses)
What are 2 benefits and a drawback of tays scientific management
+ Increase efficiency, lower costs
+ Standardised procedures, lower errors
- Workers may disengage due to woking in a machine like system
What is Mayo’s human relations theory
Highlights the importance of social factors (communication, motivation and job satisfaction)
- Through understanding, improving relations between workers, management etc
What does Mayo’s human relationship theory allow for
- empowering employees in decision making
- providing feedback
- improved job satisfaction
What are the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Psychological & basic needs - safety and security - love and belongingness - esteem - self actualisation
Advantage and disadvantage of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
+ Higher employee satisfaction and retention
- expensive to meet needs of each employee
What is herzbergs two factor theory
Two things impact job satisfaction
- Hygiene factors (job dissatisfaction - working conditions - unfair pay)
- Motivators (job satisfaction - rewards - recognition culture opportunities for growth )
What are three financial incentives
- Piecework, payed accordingly to number of units they produce (tay’s)
- Commission, percentage of sales revenue payed to worker (herzberg)
- Bonus
What are three non-financial incentives
- Delegation, transferring responsibility to staff (Maslow)
- Flexible working (Maslow)
- Job enrichment, challenging/meaningful tasks (Mayo)
What is the distinction between management and leadership
Management - focuses on day-to-day organisation and has a task focus
Leadership - vision direction, and focuses on goals
Examples of key differences between leaders and management
Vision vs. Execution
Influence vs. Control
What are the 4 leadership styles
Autocratic - complete control (small businesses)
Paternalistic - parental role, best interest (inexperienced staff)
Democratic - involves team in decision making (encourages innovation)
Laissez Faire - hands off, team manages own work (Very experienced staff)
