Theme 1: Social Factors And Health Flashcards
What is included in this theme
Zola’s triggers to consultation
Medical model
Social model
Biopsychosocial model
What are the 5 triggers to consultation
Interferes with sport/ work
Social relationships
Interpersonal crisis
Temporalising symptoms
Sanctioning
Zola: interferes with sport or work
f symptoms get in the way of patient doing their job/
sport they are more likely to consult
Zola: social relationships
If symptoms cause breakdown of relationships around the patient
they are more likely to consult
Zola: Interpersonal crisis
patient experiences a crisis they may become more focused on
their symptoms and more likely to consult
Zola: temporalising symptoms
“if still hurting in a week I’ll go to the doctors”
Zola: sanctioning
y wife told me I had to come”, includes media campaigns and
celebrities getting diseases and raising awareness
Definition of the medical model
w mental health disorders as a biological malfunction or disruption.
Suggests mental health disorders can be understood and treated similarly to physical
illnesses. Viewed from different perspective
Different perspectives in the. Medical model
Biochemical
Genetic
Adoption studies
Brain abnormalities
Medical model: biochemical
dysfunctional behaviour can be explained by too much or not enough of
a particular neurotransmitter or enzyme e.g. schizophrenia caused by the excess levels
of dopamine activity in synapses, causes hallucinations
Medical model: genetic
disorders due to the phenotype, not the genotype e.g. people don’t inherit
genes for schizophrenia or anxiety they inherit genes making them vulnerable to the
disorder
Medical model: adoption studies
comparison of the rates of any disorder between adopted children
and both biological and adoptive parents, another means for assessing the genetic
component, if the rate is higher when related to biological parents than adoptive then
indicates genetic component
Medical model: brain abnormalities
s of the brain are damaged/ not functioning normally then
can cause abnormal behaviour e.g. within schizophrenia enlargement of the ventricles,
role of the ventral striatum and the functioning left hemisphere, negative symptoms
including avolition can be associated with abnormalities in the ventral striatum
What comprises the social model
Addresses broader determinants of health
Involves intersectoral collaboration
Acts to reduce social inequities
Acts to enable access to health
Empowers individuals and communities
Social model: Addresses the broader determinants of health
broader cultural, social, economic and
environmental determinants play significant role in health promotion
Social model: Intersectoral collaboration
government and non-government organisations
who have influence over the sociocultural and environmental factors that influence
health status
Social model: Reduce social inequities
involves those who experience barriers to improving
their health e.g. low socioeconomic status, rural locations, males. Focus on social
determinants that influence health like SES, social exclusion, access to health care and
unemployment
Social model: acts to enable access to health
culture, language barriers, economic and geographical
factors, education levels can impact ability to source health care
Social model: empowering individuals and communities
o people can participate in decision making
about their health and well-being, more likely to participate if they feel they have a sense of power and control over their situation, more able to make positive changes to
their health and well-being
Social model: advantages
promotes good health, inexpensive, vulnerable population groups are
targeted, education passed from generations, shared responsibility for health
Social model: disadvantages
t all conditions can be prevented, doesn’t promote technology/
medical knowledge development, doesn’t address concerns of individuals, health
promotion messages may be ignored
What is the biopsychosocial model
describing and explaining how biological and social factors combine and
interact to influence a persons mental health
BPS model: biological factor
physiologically based or determined influences often not
under our control e.g. genes, gender, brain chemistry, brain function, nervous system
and hormones
BPS model: psychological factor
l those influences associated with mental
processes e.g. beliefs and attitudes, personality traits, ways of thinking, learning and
memory, perceptions
