Theme 1 Flashcards

1
Q

why do new business ideas come about?

A
  • *changes in technology (making expensive technology affordable, reducing manufacturing costs, more affordable),(e commerce platforms, larger target audience)
  • *changes in consumer wants and needs (demand)
  • *products and services becoming obsolete(change in demand/trend)
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2
Q

How do new business ideas come about?

A
  • adapting existing ideas (less risky,new markets,quicker, cheaper development costs)
  • original ideas (more risky, longer, more development costs, but USP and new market with no competitors)
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3
Q

What is the impact of risk on business activity?

A
  • business failure- negative cash flow, drop in revenue/ demand
  • financial failure
  • lack of security
  • health:stress, bad business decisions
    plan ahead
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4
Q

What is the impact of reward on business activity:

A
  • independence (flexible working hours-being your won boss)
    *profit (motivation)
  • business success (satisfaction, being an employer)
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5
Q

What is the role of business enterprise and the purpose of business activity?

A
  • produce goods/services
  • meet customer needs(happy customers,repeated purchases, sales of the business)
  • add value(branding, convenience, quality and design, USP)
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6
Q

The impact of adding value

A
  • branding- emotional connnection, brand loyalty , more likley to buy/stand out
  • convenirnce- saves them time, more happier custoomers, compettive advantage
  • USP/competive advanatge
  • design and quality- more satisfied/likley to buy, reputation
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7
Q

What is the role of entrepreneurship

A
  • take risks
  • make business decisions
  • organise resouces(manage/lead people effectivley)
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8
Q

What are customer needs?

A
  • price (for product, competive advantage, accesibility )
  • quality(product+customer service)
  • convenience
  • choice(product portfolio, customer loyalty, repeated purchases)
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9
Q

what happens when you meet customer needs?

A

more happy, encorages reapeated purchases, generating customer loyalty , increased sales. Also will recoomend the product to thers

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10
Q

What is the purpose of market research ?

A
  • to identify and understand customer needs
  • to identify gaps in the market
    *to reduce risk
    *to make informed business decisions
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11
Q

What are ins methods of primary market research ?

A
  • survey
  • questionnaire
  • focus group
  • observation
    ✅accurate and easy to implement
    ❌time consuming , expensive
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12
Q

What are some methods of secondary research?

A
  • internt
  • market reports
  • government reports
    ✅cheaper
    ❌not that relevant
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13
Q

Qualitative market research

A

✅provides depth and detail
✅helps business listen to customers rather than jumping to conclusions
❌small sample = bias
❌responses are subjunctive
❌can be biased/lead by bad interviewer

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14
Q

The role of social media in collecting market research

A

✅cheaper
✅identify popular maker trends
✅saves time collecting market research
✅improve products /marketing

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15
Q

Why do you need reliable market research?

A

Business decisions

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16
Q

What are the different market segments?

A
  • Location(more demand )
  • Demographics (sex/family)
  • Lifestyle (promotional /marketing strategies)
  • Income (quality and price of the product)
  • Age (promotional strategies)
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17
Q

Market mapping

A

Helps identify gaps in market and competitors, can adapt products/services
❌subjunctive and doesn’t consider demand

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18
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of competitors?

A

Price
Quality
Location
Product range
Customer service

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19
Q

Impact of competition on business decions

A

Having Lower costs , innovation for new product ideas

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20
Q

what are some financial aims and objectives of a business?

A
  • survival
  • profit
  • sales
  • market share
  • financial security
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21
Q

what are some non-financial aims and objectives of a business?

A
  • personal satisfaction
  • social concerns
  • challenge
  • independance and control
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22
Q

why do businesses have different aims and objectives?

A
  • differnt industries
  • different ways of operating
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23
Q

what is revenue ?

A

=price X quanity
income that the business revieves through sales

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24
Q

what is the difference between fixed and variable costs?

A

fixed costs do not chnage egardless the number of sales of the business

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25
what is the formula for total costs?
= fixed costs + variable costs
26
what is the formula for gross profit?
=sales revenue- costs of sales the amount of profit that a busines makes on a product before the cost of producind and selling the product
27
what is net profit?
=gross profit- other operating expenses and intrest
28
what is the formula for intrest (%)?
(total repayment-borrowed amount)/borrowed amount *100
29
how do you calculate the break even formula in units?
fixed costs/ (sales price-variable)
30
what is the break even point in revenue/price?
=break even point in units * sales price
31
formula for the margin of saftey?
=actual sales-break even sales
32
what is the importance of cash to a business?
* paying supliers/employees/overheads(realtionships, being taken to court, services withdraw) * preventing business failure (unable to pay bills, becoming insolvent): reduce customers with credit * the difference between cash and profit- profit is cash before deduction of costs
33
why do businesses interpret cash flow calculations?
indicate the future * taking on more staff * opening a new branch * identifying a risk (running out of money) * taking money out of business to invest in a new business or to reward the owner
34
what are some sort term sources of finance?
* overdraft (high intrest rates, quick and convenient) * trade credit (do not need to have cash available to purchase goods)
35
what are some long term sources of finance?
* bank loans (assets, intrest) * crowdfunding (time consuming, may have to give discount ect) * venture capitalist (source of finance if no one else gives, want a return and control) * share capital (no ore quick decions, dividends) * personal savings (no intrests, nut lose any itrest on additional savings in account) * retained profit (
36
what is the difference between limited and unlimited liability?
* limited liability(personal assets can be used to pay off debts, incorperated ) * unlimited liability (unincorperated)
37
what are the different types of business start ups?
* soletrader * parternship * private limted company
38
pros and cons of having a sole trader ownership
✓makes all the decions by themselves, less room for disagreement, fast implemenation ✓sole trader keeps all of the profits ✓financial information is private ✗unlimted liability, unincorperated ,diffiult to raise finance delayed growth ✗pressure on one person, may not be able to take time off or holidays, making stress, health problems
39
pros and cons of having a partnership
✓wider expertise, sharing ideas, better business decisons ✓finanicla information kept private ✓easier to raise sources of finace (limited liability) ✗profits shared ✗disagreements between partners
40
pros and cons of being a private limited company
✓limited liabiity ✓easier to raise finance and grow the business ✓business can trade even if the shareholders change ✗more complex to set up ✗disagreements between shareholders ✗finanical information is published, and have to report to HMRC
41
what are the advantages and disadvantages of franchising ?
✓lower risk as business model is sucessful ✓support and training provided by the franchisor ✓franchisees benefit from national marketing campaigns ✗francisees have to pay an initila fee as well as a percentage of their profits ✗franchisees cannot make independant decisions ✗brand reputation of frnachisor may be damaged if franchisees do not maintain standards
42
How does proximity to market affect business location?
* market (close to footfall/demographics, convenience) * labour(dpending on skill/ high unemployment rate) * materials (less transport costs) * competitors( if convenience good then not good but if shopping good then is good)
43
How does the nature of the business affcet the location ?
* footfall * importing/exporting goods, so near an airport or port *
44
How does the internet impact business decions?
* do not need a retailing premise or staff more cost effective) * ability to reach a wider audience * able to respond to conumer buying habits
45
what is the marketing mix?
* price (determined by comptettion or consumers' thoughts on the product) * product * promotion * place all to consumer appeal
46
How do elements of the marketing mix work together?
* balancing on basis of competitive enviroment (cheaper, product with USP /better design, place more conveninet , increased prmotion) * chaning consumer needs on business (launching new products in response to trends, hanging prices and recession,) * technology, ecommerce and digital communication ( cheaper manafacturing prices, place may change, more affective promotion with targeted ads )
47
What is the role of a business plan?
identifies: * business idea * aims and objectives * target market * forecast revenue (cash and profit) * sources of finance * location * marketing mix
48
what is the purpose of planning business activity?
* minimising risk (a clear sense of direction for business decisons, allows to adress and come up with potential problems that may arise, can set budgets and monitor spending) * obtaining finance (from bank loans/investor)
49
who are business stakeholders and what are their seperate intrests?
* goverment (more jobs means more taxes and less benefits to pay) * pressure groups(implementing change and business acting ethically) * employees/managers (job secuirty, progression, salary) * customers(price, quality, range) * local community (potential jobs) * suppliers (increased orders =profit) * shareholders(profits/ divindends)
50
how do the stakeholders affect the business?
* goverment (taxes laws, promoting business activity * local community (support by buying can object) * employees/manager (good service/reputation of business) * shareholders (provide funding ) * suppliers (provide material, depending on reliability determine quality and business reputation) * pressure groups(changing products, customers opionion) * customers (purchase, make recommendations)
51
What are the different types of technology used by the business?
E-Commerce Social media Digital communication Payment system
52
what are the pros and cons of E- commerce?
✓can trade 24/7 all around the world ✓can give real time updates to customers ✓more convenient for customers ✓avoid the overhead costs for a physical premises ✗expensive to keep up with technology ✗harder to build relationships with customers, customers make purchases becuase of price and not loyalty ✗customer may have security concerns regarding fraud ✗business may not be easily fndable due to high levls of competition
53
what are the pros and cons of social media?
✓can communicate with customers ✓respond to online feedback
54
what are the pros and cons of payment systems?
✓easy and more convenient for customer ✓open 24/7 ✓allow people to order immediatly, good for customer service ✓trends in sales can be identified ✓can work in many currenccies ✓customers may expect it and may be put off from business if not availaible ✗vunerable to fraud ✗may have to pay an additional fee
55
what are the pros and cons of digital communication?
✓emplyess can communicate any time of the day, quivker and cheaper than travelling long distances, employess time is used efficently ✓customers can recieve real time updates ✓may not need an office-saving in overhead costs for rent ✓quick cheap communication within branches
56
How does technology influence a business in terms of sales and costs?
* cost (communication means that costs are low , technology and manufacturing mean thatstart up costs can be low) * sales (can be made any time , so more sales, helps a business manage sales, tabs on stock and making customer aware if product is unavailiable or not, customer satisfaction)
57
How does technology influence a business in terms of the marketing mix?
* price (increases competition online means my have to reduce prices, because can reduce costs, business can lower their selling price) * product (technology can help offer new products and services,latest methods and robots to produce goods, customers can customise products) * promotion (cheap digital promotion materialstarget ads through cookies) * place (reliable easy to use E commerce, however may put off customers )
58
what is the purpose of legislation?
* consumer law * employment law
59
What are the principles of consumer law?
* quality (reasonable and fit for intended purpose) * consumer rights(can rejet goods, safe delivery)
60
what are the principles of employment law?
* recruitment (fair) * pay (minimum wage) * discrimination * health and saftey (safe workspace)
61
What is the impact of legislation on the business?
* cost (training equipment, pay, liscense/services) * consequences of not obliging (bad repuation, tempriory closure, taken to court and given fines
62
what are the positive consequences of meeting legal obligations?
* positive reputation, more attracted customers and emplyloyees , more sales and better candidates for the job * customers and emplyess feel like they are being treated clearly
63
what is the impact of the economic climate on the business? | 6 points
* unemployment * changing levels of consumer income * inflation * changes in exchange rates * goverment taxation * changes in intrest rates
64
How does unemployment affect a business?
low unemployment: * fewer people to hire, may have to increase wages to attract * employees are more hapy because jobs are secure * consumer higher income, higher disposable income, more sales
65
How do changing levels of consumers income affect a business?
low levels: * less disposable income,lower prices products * less sales * consumer confidence is low and so less likley to buy shopping goods high levels (opposite)
66
how does inflation affect a business?
low inflation: will not have to pay suppliers as much, employees are less likley to ask for a raise high inflation: consumers may not buy but would rather wait for prices to further go down
67
how do changes in intrest rates affect a business?
* high: savers will have more to pay, borrowers have less to spend- generally consumer income levels are lower. Businesses may not be confident to take bank loans and invest * if countries have a high intrest rate then investors may be more likley to invest in UK, increasing the value of the pound
68
How does goverment taxation impact a business?
* busniess make less net profit * conusme income levels are low
69
how do changes in exhange rates impact a business ?
* if a business exports or imports goods may be cheaper than local * SPICED * more/less profits, having to change selling price, increase/decrease in sales *
70
what are some responses of a business to chnages in the economic changes?
* technology (do not want to be obslete and face a decline in repuation * legislation (fines/ brand reputation) * the economic climate (dependant on consumer income, stopping plans of growth , if intrest rates are high- not taking a loan, if taxation falls business can hire more people , making it more effective , ahead of competitiors who have not responded to the economic climate)