Theliera, johnes, anaplasmosis

Question 1

What are the CS of Theiliera

Answer 1

anemia, fever, and lethargy

Question 2

What is the most common time to see Theileria?

Answer 2

setember-november and april-june

Question 3

Animals have acute disease with theileria and are _ infected

Answer 3

persistenly

Question 4

What are some things noted about theileria in cattle?

Answer 4

-less agressive than cattle with anaplasmosis
-lose less body condition initially
-bleed from the nose
-have less distended spleens than anaplasmosis cases on necropsy
-have venral edema

Question 5

What is the treatment for theileria?

Answer 5

there is none approved

Question 6

What kind of parasites are theileria?

Answer 6

-obligate intracellular protozoan parasites

Question 7

How are theileria transmited?

Answer 7

sporozites are transmitted to susceptible animals in teh saliva of ixodid ticks or by direct blood transmission

Question 8

What is known to spread theileria in other parts of the world?

Answer 8

the asian long horned ticke

Question 9

What is anaplasmosis?

Answer 9

a tick borne ricketsial disease caused by anaplasma marginale

Question 10

where is prevalence higher for anaplasmosis

Answer 10

-in the southern US and is thought to be lower in the northern US

Question 11

How is anaplasmosis transmitted?

Answer 11

ticks of dermacentor species and mechanical through transmission by needles

Question 12

What cattle are affected by anaplasmosis?

Answer 12

-cattle of all ages
-severity of clincial disease relates to the age

Question 13

Mortality of cattle by anaplasmosis is more common in cattle how old?

Answer 13

greater than two years old

Question 14

When is clincial disease of anaplasmosis most reported?

Answer 14

late august through frost

Question 15

What are the stages of anaplasmosis?

Answer 15

1- incubation stage ->begins at infection. average incubation stages are 3-8 weeks. animals appear clinically normal at this stage
2. developmental stage ->last 4-9 days, characteristic clinical signs occur. Forced movement and excitement can result in death due to anoxia. Antibiotics do little to affect the outcome of the disease during late development.
3. Convalescent stage ->cattle that survive clincial disease lose weight, abort calves, and recover slowly over a 2-3 month period. Increased erythropoiesis occurs at this time
4. Carrier stage -> unless medicated appropriately cattle that recover from anaplasmosis remain carriers for life. During the carrier stage animals do not show CS

Question 16

If an aimal is infected with anaplasmosis at
less than 6 months
6-12 months
1-2 years old
2 years old

Answer 16

rare but can become infected
mild subclinical disease
acute but rarely fatal disease
acute and often fatal disease

Question 17

What are the CS of anaplasmosis?

Answer 17

-pale mm, marked icterus, thin watery blood, PCV very low, enlarge pulpy to mushy spleen, hepatomegaly with yellow orange discolorations,

Question 18

How do we diagnose anaplasmosis?

Answer 18

Whole blood collected in EDTA tube

Question 19

What agent causes Johne’s disease?

Answer 19

-mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Question 20

What are the characteristicsof Johne’s disease?

Answer 20

-intracellular acid fast organism
slow grower, 4-16 weeks to grow in culture
cross species infection between domestic species and wild species

Question 21

Most common signalment of Johne’s disease?

Answer 21

-more common in diary
-clincila onset usually 2-5 years old
-clinical onset usually associated with stressful event
-calves less than 3-4 months old most susceptible to infection
-transmission is fecal oral in most cases
-organsim shed in colostrum and milk
-organism survives in feces for 11 months and 5-9 months in pond water

Question 22

What are the CS of johnes disease?

Answer 22

a) 2-5 year old bovine with chronic weight loss
-good appeite with intermittend persistent diarrhea
fever
advanced cases- >debilitation, dehydration, weakness and ventral edma

Question 23

What is the duration of Johnes disease

Answer 23

2 weeks to 3-6 months

Question 24

What can precipitate diarrhea due to johnes disease

Answer 24

-stress of lactation, partrution, mastitis, or secondary bacterial infections

Question 25

When can remission of johnes disease occur?

Answer 25

during pregnancy

Question 26

Describe Johnes disease in small ruminants

Answer 26

1 year or older with chronic weight loss
diarrhea not a common presentation
feces normal or clumped and pasty
diarrhea when present is a terminal sign

Question 27

What is the pathophysiology of johnes disease

Answer 27

PLE, malabsorption, granulomatous enteritis

Question 28

How do we diagnose johnes disease

Answer 28

-chronic diarrhea with good appetite

Question 29

How do we treat johnes disease

Answer 29

rifampin and isonazide extra label, relapses occur after treatment

Question 30

How do we prevent johnes disease

Answer 30

-replacement animals should come from certified herds
-prevent run off from adult herds into water sources or pasture
-dont spread manure on fields that are used for grazing

Question 31

Johnes disease vaccine is given to cattle when

Answer 31

35 days of age