Theliera, johnes, anaplasmosis Flashcards
What are the CS of Theiliera
anemia, fever, and lethargy
What is the most common time to see Theileria?
setember-november and april-june
Animals have acute disease with theileria and are _ infected
persistenly
What are some things noted about theileria in cattle?
-less agressive than cattle with anaplasmosis
-lose less body condition initially
-bleed from the nose
-have less distended spleens than anaplasmosis cases on necropsy
-have venral edema
What is the treatment for theileria?
there is none approved
What kind of parasites are theileria?
-obligate intracellular protozoan parasites
How are theileria transmited?
sporozites are transmitted to susceptible animals in teh saliva of ixodid ticks or by direct blood transmission
What is known to spread theileria in other parts of the world?
the asian long horned ticke
What is anaplasmosis?
a tick borne ricketsial disease caused by anaplasma marginale
where is prevalence higher for anaplasmosis
-in the southern US and is thought to be lower in the northern US
How is anaplasmosis transmitted?
ticks of dermacentor species and mechanical through transmission by needles
What cattle are affected by anaplasmosis?
-cattle of all ages
-severity of clincial disease relates to the age
Mortality of cattle by anaplasmosis is more common in cattle how old?
greater than two years old
When is clincial disease of anaplasmosis most reported?
late august through frost
What are the stages of anaplasmosis?
1- incubation stage ->begins at infection. average incubation stages are 3-8 weeks. animals appear clinically normal at this stage
2. developmental stage ->last 4-9 days, characteristic clinical signs occur. Forced movement and excitement can result in death due to anoxia. Antibiotics do little to affect the outcome of the disease during late development.
3. Convalescent stage ->cattle that survive clincial disease lose weight, abort calves, and recover slowly over a 2-3 month period. Increased erythropoiesis occurs at this time
4. Carrier stage -> unless medicated appropriately cattle that recover from anaplasmosis remain carriers for life. During the carrier stage animals do not show CS
If an aimal is infected with anaplasmosis at
less than 6 months
6-12 months
1-2 years old
2 years old
rare but can become infected
mild subclinical disease
acute but rarely fatal disease
acute and often fatal disease
What are the CS of anaplasmosis?
-pale mm, marked icterus, thin watery blood, PCV very low, enlarge pulpy to mushy spleen, hepatomegaly with yellow orange discolorations,
How do we diagnose anaplasmosis?
Whole blood collected in EDTA tube
What agent causes Johne’s disease?
-mycobacterium paratuberculosis
What are the characteristicsof Johne’s disease?
-intracellular acid fast organism
slow grower, 4-16 weeks to grow in culture
cross species infection between domestic species and wild species
Most common signalment of Johne’s disease?
-more common in diary
-clincila onset usually 2-5 years old
-clinical onset usually associated with stressful event
-calves less than 3-4 months old most susceptible to infection
-transmission is fecal oral in most cases
-organsim shed in colostrum and milk
-organism survives in feces for 11 months and 5-9 months in pond water
What are the CS of johnes disease?
a) 2-5 year old bovine with chronic weight loss
-good appeite with intermittend persistent diarrhea
fever
advanced cases- >debilitation, dehydration, weakness and ventral edma
What is the duration of Johnes disease
2 weeks to 3-6 months
What can precipitate diarrhea due to johnes disease
-stress of lactation, partrution, mastitis, or secondary bacterial infections
When can remission of johnes disease occur?
during pregnancy
Describe Johnes disease in small ruminants
1 year or older with chronic weight loss
diarrhea not a common presentation
feces normal or clumped and pasty
diarrhea when present is a terminal sign
What is the pathophysiology of johnes disease
PLE, malabsorption, granulomatous enteritis
How do we diagnose johnes disease
-chronic diarrhea with good appetite
How do we treat johnes disease
rifampin and isonazide extra label, relapses occur after treatment
How do we prevent johnes disease
-replacement animals should come from certified herds
-prevent run off from adult herds into water sources or pasture
-dont spread manure on fields that are used for grazing
Johnes disease vaccine is given to cattle when
35 days of age
