Theater Strategy and Campaigning Flashcards
Operational Art
- links strategic goals to tactical operations
- Application of creativity & intuition to link strategic objective to tactical tasks
- The unique combination of creativity and a broad understanding of the problem; environment; & guidance that develops action to change current to desired future state
What is a framework to analyze current and future environment for Operational Design?
PMESII -
Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure
Operational Design
- Understand Strategic Guidance
a. existing policy- strategic objective
b. conflicts or uncertainty - Frame/Understand the Environment
a. context & what’s going on
b. why has the situation developed/what’s it mean?
c. what is the natural tendency of the environment? - Frame the Problem
a. what needs to change/stay the same
b. strengths/weaknesses of actors
c. conditions that = success - Develop the Operational Approach
a. current –> future state
b. tensions, consequences, & RISK
What are 2 components of a CCIR?
- PIR: Priority Intel Requirement
2. - FFIR: Friendly Force Information Requirement
Three ways to organize Multinational C2?
- Lead Nation Command (Ex: MNF-I)
- Integrated Command (Ex: NATO)
- Parallel Command (Ex: Desert Storm)
Deterrence Joint Operating Concept
Credibly threaten to:
- DENY the adversary benefits
- IMPOSE costs
- ENCOURAGE restraint
Describe Security Cooperation
All DoD interactions w/ foreign security establishments
- build security relationships
- develop capabilities
- provide US Forces w/ peacetime and contingency Access
Center of Gravity
- Clausewitz - “the hub of all power & movement”; the point at which our energies should be directed
- Source of Power that provides:
- moral or physical strength
- freedom of action
- the will to act
Four Domains of the Operational Environment
Air, Land, Maritime, and Space
What document integrates the assignment, apportioned, and allocated forces?
GFMIG - Global Force Management Implementation Guidance (SECDEF approved)
Three Ways to organize a Joint Force
- Unified Combatant Command
- Subordinate Unified Command permanent or continued command)
- Joint Task Force (temporary)
What document establishes Geographic AORs, Missions, Responsibilities? Who approves it?
Unified Command Plan (POTUS)
What are products of Operational Design?
- Description of the Op. Environment
- Problem Statement
- Mission Narrative
- CDR’s description/graphic of Op Approach
- CDR’s initial intent & Planning Guidance
Joint Planning Process (JPP)
- Planning Initiation; Receive/Analyze Guidance
- Mission Analysis
- Develop COAs
- Analysis of COAs (war gaming)
- Comparison of COAs
- Approval of COAs
- Plan or Order Development
What are the 7 Joint Functions?
- C2
- Intel
- Information
- Movement and Maneuver
- Fires
- Protection
- Sustainment
What are the 4 Pillars of the NSS?
- Protect the American People, homeland, way of life
- Promote American Prosperity
- Peace Thru Strength
- Advance American Influence
What are the 3 Pillars of the NDS?
- Build a more Lethal Force
- Strengthen Alliances & Attract New Partners
- Reform DoD for Greater Performance & Affordability
Joint Operational Access Concept?
- Operational Access
- Assured Access
- Opposed Access - Forcible Entry, A2AD
- Global Commons
- Force Projection (military)
- Power Projection (DIME)
- Cross-Domain Synergy
- Joint Synergy
Categories of Forces for CCDRs/Services
- Assigned - forces under a GCC (command authority) available for normal peacetime ops
- Allocated - achieved thru procedures for crisis action planning; allocation is augmenting forces that then become attached or Assigned
- Attached - placement is temporary; detailing of forces for a specific function
- Apportioned - for planning purposes; provides the estimate of serviceability to generate forces for CCDR’s planning purposes
JPP
detailed planning
operational design
apply critical and creative thinking (conceptual) to complex, ill-structured problems and develop approaches to solve them (Understand, Visualize, Describe)
Strategic Direction
POTUS – NSS/PPDs
SECDEF – UCP, QDR, NDS, GEF (cont. planning w/ priorities & endstates)
CJCS – NMS (ways & means); JSCP (direction/strategic & operational guidance)
Unified Action:
synchronization of activities with governmental and nongovernmental agencies taking place within unified commands, subunified commands, or joint task forces
Operational Design Framework:
- Understand the Environment: context for ops, environment, DIME guidance
- Understand the Problem: relevant factors, root causes, our problem
- Develop an Operational Approach: Potential ways, Objs, LOE (Logic) & LOO (Physical),COGs (CC-CR-CV), DPs
3D Planning
- Diplomacy (DoS)
- Development (USAID)
- Defense (DoD)
Homeland Defense (DoD)
Active, layered defense (Forward Regions, Approaches, Homeland)
Def. Spt. of Civil Authorities (DSCA)
NIMS/ICS
Unified Command Plan (UCP)
yields the GEF and Defense Planning Guidance
Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF)
prioritized force employment for next 2 years; strategic endstates
Joint Strategic Capability Plan (JSCP)
prioritzes force management for planning; detailed planning tasks
Plan Types
Level 1 – Commander’s Estimate Level 2 – B Plan (COA CONOPS) Level 3 – CONPLAN Level 4 – OPLAN Crisis Action Planning (CAP)
GFMIG (Impl. Guid) –
info on assign (COCOM), apportion (OPCON/TACON/Spt), & allocation (Cont. Planning)
GFMAP
rotational forces for next FY
Joint Operational Access Concept:
Operational access Assured access Opposed access – A2AD, forcible entry Global commons Force projection (military) Power projection (DIME) Cross-domain synergy Joint synergy
Range of Military Operations (ROMO)
Major Ops/campaigns
Crisis response/ltd contingency
Mil. Engagement/sec. coop.
Deterrence
Joint Functions:
Movement & Maneuver Fires Mission Command Intelligence Protection Information
Joint Functions:
Movement & Maneuver Fires Mission Command Intelligence Protection Information
Joint Boundaries:
Theater, JOA, JSOA, Area of Influence, Area of Interest, Theater, Information Environment, Opnl Environment
What is land-power?
Landpower is the ability—by threat, force, or occupation—to gain, sustain and exploit control over land, resources, and people (ADRP 3-0). The Army supports the joint force by providing capability and capacity for the application of land power through maneuver, fires, special operations, cyberspace operations, EW, space operations, sustainment, and area security
