Theater Strategy and Campaigning

Question 1

Operational Art

Answer 1

• links strategic goals to tactical operations
• Application of creativity & intuition to link strategic objective to tactical tasks
• The unique combination of creativity and a broad understanding of the problem; environment; & guidance that develops action to change current to desired future state

Question 2

What is a framework to analyze current and future environment for Operational Design?

Answer 2

PMESII -

Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure

Question 3

Operational Design

Answer 3

1. Understand Strategic Guidance
   a. existing policy- strategic objective
   b. conflicts or uncertainty
2. Frame/Understand the Environment
   a. context & what’s going on
   b. why has the situation developed/what’s it mean?
   c. what is the natural tendency of the environment?
3. Frame the Problem
   a. what needs to change/stay the same
   b. strengths/weaknesses of actors
   c. conditions that = success
4. Develop the Operational Approach
   a. current –> future state
   b. tensions, consequences, & RISK

Question 4

What are 2 components of a CCIR?

Answer 4

1. • PIR: Priority Intel Requirement

2. - FFIR: Friendly Force Information Requirement

Question 5

Three ways to organize Multinational C2?

Answer 5

1. Lead Nation Command (Ex: MNF-I)
2. Integrated Command (Ex: NATO)
3. Parallel Command (Ex: Desert Storm)

Question 6

Deterrence Joint Operating Concept

Answer 6

Credibly threaten to:

1. DENY the adversary benefits
2. IMPOSE costs
3. ENCOURAGE restraint

Question 7

Describe Security Cooperation

Answer 7

All DoD interactions w/ foreign security establishments

• build security relationships
• develop capabilities
• provide US Forces w/ peacetime and contingency Access

Question 8

Center of Gravity

Answer 8

1. Clausewitz - “the hub of all power & movement”; the point at which our energies should be directed
2. Source of Power that provides:
   - moral or physical strength
   - freedom of action
   - the will to act

Question 9

Four Domains of the Operational Environment

Answer 9

Air, Land, Maritime, and Space

Question 10

What document integrates the assignment, apportioned, and allocated forces?

Answer 10

GFMIG - Global Force Management Implementation Guidance (SECDEF approved)

Question 11

Three Ways to organize a Joint Force

Answer 11

1. Unified Combatant Command
2. Subordinate Unified Command permanent or continued command)
3. Joint Task Force (temporary)

Question 12

What document establishes Geographic AORs, Missions, Responsibilities? Who approves it?

Answer 12

Unified Command Plan (POTUS)

Question 13

What are products of Operational Design?

Answer 13

1. Description of the Op. Environment
2. Problem Statement
3. Mission Narrative
4. CDR’s description/graphic of Op Approach
5. CDR’s initial intent & Planning Guidance

Question 14

Joint Planning Process (JPP)

Answer 14

1. Planning Initiation; Receive/Analyze Guidance
2. Mission Analysis
3. Develop COAs
4. Analysis of COAs (war gaming)
5. Comparison of COAs
6. Approval of COAs
7. Plan or Order Development

Question 15

What are the 7 Joint Functions?

Answer 15

1. C2
2. Intel
3. Information
4. Movement and Maneuver
5. Fires
6. Protection
7. Sustainment

Question 16

What are the 4 Pillars of the NSS?

Answer 16

1. Protect the American People, homeland, way of life
2. Promote American Prosperity
3. Peace Thru Strength
4. Advance American Influence

Question 17

What are the 3 Pillars of the NDS?

Answer 17

1. Build a more Lethal Force
2. Strengthen Alliances & Attract New Partners
3. Reform DoD for Greater Performance & Affordability

Question 18

Joint Operational Access Concept?

Answer 18

1. Operational Access
2. Assured Access
3. Opposed Access - Forcible Entry, A2AD
4. Global Commons
5. Force Projection (military)
6. Power Projection (DIME)
7. Cross-Domain Synergy
8. Joint Synergy

Question 19

Categories of Forces for CCDRs/Services

Answer 19

1. Assigned - forces under a GCC (command authority) available for normal peacetime ops
2. Allocated - achieved thru procedures for crisis action planning; allocation is augmenting forces that then become attached or Assigned
3. Attached - placement is temporary; detailing of forces for a specific function
4. Apportioned - for planning purposes; provides the estimate of serviceability to generate forces for CCDR’s planning purposes

Question 20

JPP

Answer 20

detailed planning

Question 21

operational design

Answer 21

apply critical and creative thinking (conceptual) to complex, ill-structured problems and develop approaches to solve them (Understand, Visualize, Describe)

Question 22

Strategic Direction

Answer 22

POTUS – NSS/PPDs
SECDEF – UCP, QDR, NDS, GEF (cont. planning w/ priorities & endstates)
CJCS – NMS (ways & means); JSCP (direction/strategic & operational guidance)

Question 23

Unified Action:

Answer 23

synchronization of activities with governmental and nongovernmental agencies taking place within unified commands, subunified commands, or joint task forces

Question 24

Operational Design Framework:

Answer 24

• Understand the Environment: context for ops, environment, DIME guidance
• Understand the Problem: relevant factors, root causes, our problem
• Develop an Operational Approach: Potential ways, Objs, LOE (Logic) & LOO (Physical),COGs (CC-CR-CV), DPs

Question 25

3D Planning

Answer 25

- Diplomacy (DoS) - Development (USAID) - Defense (DoD)

Question 26

Homeland Defense (DoD)

Answer 26

Active, layered defense (Forward Regions, Approaches, Homeland)

Question 27

Def. Spt. of Civil Authorities (DSCA)

Answer 27

NIMS/ICS

Question 28

Unified Command Plan (UCP)

Answer 28

yields the GEF and Defense Planning Guidance

Question 29

Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF)

Answer 29

prioritized force employment for next 2 years; strategic endstates

Question 30

Joint Strategic Capability Plan (JSCP)

Answer 30

prioritzes force management for planning; detailed planning tasks

Question 31

Plan Types

Answer 31

``` Level 1 – Commander’s Estimate Level 2 – B Plan (COA  CONOPS) Level 3 – CONPLAN Level 4 – OPLAN Crisis Action Planning (CAP) ```

Question 32

GFMIG (Impl. Guid) –

Answer 32

info on assign (COCOM), apportion (OPCON/TACON/Spt), & allocation (Cont. Planning)

Question 33

GFMAP

Answer 33

rotational forces for next FY

Question 34

Joint Operational Access Concept:

Answer 34

``` Operational access Assured access Opposed access – A2AD, forcible entry Global commons Force projection (military) Power projection (DIME) Cross-domain synergy Joint synergy ```

Question 35

Range of Military Operations (ROMO)

Answer 35

Major Ops/campaigns Crisis response/ltd contingency Mil. Engagement/sec. coop. Deterrence

Question 36

Joint Functions:

Answer 36

``` Movement & Maneuver Fires Mission Command Intelligence Protection Information ```

Question 37

Joint Functions:

Answer 37

``` Movement & Maneuver Fires Mission Command Intelligence Protection Information ```

Question 38

Joint Boundaries:

Answer 38

Theater, JOA, JSOA, Area of Influence, Area of Interest, Theater, Information Environment, Opnl Environment

Question 39

What is land-power?

Answer 39

Landpower is the ability—by threat, force, or occupation—to gain, sustain and exploit control over land, resources, and people (ADRP 3-0). The Army supports the joint force by providing capability and capacity for the application of land power through maneuver, fires, special operations, cyberspace operations, EW, space operations, sustainment, and area security