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Psychology - IN FOCUS Memory > The working memory model > Flashcards

The working memory model Flashcards

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1
Q

Who developed the working memory model?

A

Baddeley & Hitch

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2
Q

The working memory model offers an explanation of how what type of memory is organised and how it functions?

A

Short-term

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3
Q

The working memory model is concerned with the ‘mental space’ that is active when we are…

A

temporarily storing and manipulating information

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4
Q

Give an example of a short-term memory

A

Any from working on an arithmetic problem, playing chess, etc.

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5
Q

The working memory model consists of how many main components?

A

Four

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6
Q

Each of the four main components of the working memory model is qualitatively different, especially in terms of…

A

coding and capacity

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7
Q

The working memory model proposes that the central executive has a limited/unlimited processing capacity

A

Limited

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8
Q

The working memory model proposes that the central executive does/does not store information

A

Does not

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9
Q

The working memory model proposes that the central executive has what type of role?

A

A supervisory role

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10
Q

True/False: The central executive monitors incoming data

A

True

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11
Q

Which part of memory does the working memory model propose focuses and divides our limited attention?

A

Central executive

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12
Q

What does the working memory model propose that the central executive does?

A

Allocates ‘slave systems’ to tasks

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the visuo-spatial sketchpad as proposed by the working memory model?

A

Storing visual/spatial information when required

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14
Q

If you were asked to work out how many windows there are on your house and you visualise it… which part of the working memory model would you be using?

A

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

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15
Q

The visuo-spatial sketchpad has a limited/unlimited capacity

A

Limited

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16
Q

What did Baddeley propose is the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

A

About three or four objects

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17
Q

True/False: The visuo-spatial sketchpad is subdivided

A

True

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18
Q

Which two things is the visuo-spatial sketchpad subdivided into?

A

The visual cache and inner scribe

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19
Q

In the working memory model, what does the visual cache store?

A

Visual data

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20
Q

In the working memory model, what does the inner scribe do?

A

Record the arrangement of objects in the visual field

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21
Q

Studies of what support the separate existence of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

A

Dual-task performance

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22
Q

What do studies of dual-task performance show in relation to the working memory model?

A

There must be a separate slave system that processes visual input, and one for verbal processing (the VSS and the PL)

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23
Q

When Baddeley asked participants to carry out a visual and verbal task at the same time (dual task), what did he find?

A

Their performance on each was similar to when they carried out the tasks separately

24
Q

Baddeley found that when people performed a visual and verbal task at the same time, their performance on each was similar to when they carried out the tasks separately. What can we conclude from this?

A

There is no competition when performing a verbal and visual task together

25
Q

When Baddeley asked participants to carry out two verbal or two visual tasks at the same time, what were his findings?

A

Performance on both declined substantially

26
Q

When Baddeley asked participants to carry out two verbal or two visual tasks at the same time, why did performance decline substantially?

A

Because both visual tasks compete for the same slave subsystem

27
Q

What type of information does the phonological loop deal with, as proposed by the working memory model?

A

Auditory information

28
Q

Coding in the phonological loop is…

A

acoustic

29
Q

True/False: The phonological loop doesn’t preserve the order in which information arrives

A

False: It does

30
Q

True/False: The phonological loop is subdivided

A

True

31
Q

According to the working memory model, what is the phonological loop subdivided into?

A

The phonological store and articulatory process

32
Q

What is stored in the phonological store according to the working memory model?

A

Words you hear

33
Q

Which part of the working memory model allows for maintenance rehearsal?

A

Articulatory process in the phonological loop

34
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Repeating things in a loop to keep them in working memory while they are needed

35
Q

What is the capacity of the articulatory process believed to be?

A

Two seconds worth of what you say

36
Q

When was the episodic buffer added to the working memory model?

A

2000

37
Q

According to the working memory model, the episodic buffer is a temporary/permanent store of information

A

Temporary

38
Q

What is the role of the episodic buffer in the working memory model?

A

Integrating the visual, spatial and verbal information processed by other stores to maintain a sense of time sequencing

39
Q

Which part of the working memory model is responsible for maintaining a sense of time sequencing?

A

The episodic buffer

40
Q

Which part of the working memory model can be seen as the storage component of the central executive?

A

The episodic buffer

41
Q

What does the episodic buffer record?

A

Events (episodes) that are happening

42
Q

The episodic buffer links working memory with…

A

long-term memory and wider cognitive processes such as perception

43
Q

What is the main criticism of the central executive in the working memory model?

A

There is lack of clarity over the nature of the central executive

44
Q

The central executive has been criticised as it needs to be more clearly specified than just simply…

A

‘attention’

45
Q

True/False: Some psychologists believe the CE may consist of subcomponents

A

True

46
Q

Why does the central executive challenge the integrity of the WMM?

A

It is an unsatisfactory component

47
Q

KF had a brain injury that made him have poor STM ability for auditory information, and/but…

A

but could process visual information normally

48
Q

KF’s immediate recall of letters and digits was better when…

A

he read them (visual)

49
Q

KF’s immediate recall of letters and digits was worse when…

A

they were read to him (acoustic)

50
Q

KF’s phonological loop was _______ but his visuo-spatial sketchpad was…

A

damaged, intact

51
Q

The fact that KF’s phonological loop was damaged but his visuo-spatial sketchpad was intact strongly supports the existence of…

A

separate visual and acoustic memory stores

52
Q

What is the main criticism of the case of KF?

A

It is unclear whether he had other cognitive impairments which might have affected his performance on memory tasks, other than the damage to his phonological loop

53
Q

Why does the fact that KF’s injury was caused by a motorcycle accident potentially weaken the validity of the findings of his case study?

A

The trauma involved may have affected his cognitive performance quite apart from any brain injury

54
Q

Baddeley said the central executive was the most…

A

important but least understood component of working memory

55
Q

What did Baddeley say the capacity of the episodic buffer was?

A

About four chunks

Psychology - IN FOCUS Memory (4 decks)

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