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Psychology - IN FOCUS Memory > The multi-store model of memory > Flashcards

The multi-store model of memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Who proposed the multi-store model of memory?

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin

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2
Q

What does the multi-store model suggest that memory is made up of?

A

Three stores linked by processing

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3
Q

What are the three stores that the multi-store model of memory suggests memory is made up of?

A

Sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory

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4
Q

What passes into the sensory register?

A

All stimuli from the environment

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5
Q

True/false: The sensory register comprises of several registers (sensory memory stores)

A

True

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6
Q

The sensory register comprises of several registers/sensory memory stores, one for each…

A

of our five senses

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7
Q

Coding in each store of the sensory register depends on what?

A

The sense

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8
Q

In the multi-store model of memory, coding for visual memory is…

A

iconic memory

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9
Q

In the multi-store model of memory, the store coding acoustically is…

A

echoic memory

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10
Q

What is the duration of the sensory register?

A

Less than half a second

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11
Q

What is the capacity of the sensory register?

A

Extremely high - there are over one hundred million cells in one eye, each storing data

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12
Q

Information passes further into the memory system of the sensory register if…

A

you pay attention to it

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13
Q

How is short-term memory coded?

A

Acoustically

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14
Q

What is the capacity of short-term memory

A

7 +/- 2 items although Cowan’s research suggests its more like 5 instead of 9

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15
Q

True/False: Short-term memory can only contain a certain number of things before forgetting

A

True

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16
Q

How long does short-term memory last without rehearsal?

A

18 seconds

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17
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

When we rehearse material ourselves over and over again

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18
Q

What is the purpose of maintenance rehearsal

A

It stays in our STM as long as we rehearse it - before it passes into LTM

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19
Q

True/False: It has been proposed that prolonged rehearsal is not needed to transfer to LTM

A

True

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20
Q

True/False: According to the multi-store model of memory, what matters about rehearsal is the amount of it (prolonged rehearsal)

A

True

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21
Q

What did Craik & Watkins find about maintenance and prolonged rehearsal?

A

Type of rehearsal is more important than amount

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22
Q

According to Craik & Watkins, elaborative rehearsal is needed for…

A

Long-term storage

23
Q

According to Craik & Watkins, when does elaborative rehearsal occur?

A

When you link information to your existing knowledge or when you think about what it means

24
Q

According to Craik & Watkins, information can be transferred to LTM with/without prolonged rehearsal

A

without

25
Q

What do Craik & Watkins’s findings suggest?

A

The multi-store model does not fully explain how LTM storage is achieved

26
Q

What is the capacity of long-term memory according to the multi-store model?

A

It is a potentially permanent memory store

27
Q

What kind of information is stored in long-term memory according to the multi-store model?

A

Information that has been rehearsed for a prolong time

28
Q

How is long-term memory coded?

A

Semantically

29
Q

What is the duration of long-term memory?

A

It may be up to a lifetime

30
Q

What was Bahrick et al.’s research that supports the duration of long-term memory potentially being up to a lifetime?

A

They found that people were able to recognise the names and faces of their school classmates almost 50 years after graduating

31
Q

When we want to recall information from LTM, it has to be…

A

transferred into STM

32
Q

What is the process of transferring information from LTM into STM in order to recall it known as?

A

Retrieval

33
Q

Baddeley found that we tend to mix up words that sound similar when we use our STM/LTM

A

STM

34
Q

Baddeley found that we tend to mix up words with similar meanings with STM/LTM

A

LTM

35
Q

Studies into coding, capacity and duration show that STM and LTM are combined/separate memory stores

A

separate

36
Q

Which part of the brain do we now know to be the central memory function?

A

Hippocampus

37
Q

Which part of his brain did HM have removed?

A

Hippocampus

38
Q

When HM’s memory was assessed, he thought the year was how much younger than he actually was?

A

27

39
Q

When HM’s memory was assessed, he had very little/lots of recall of the operation

A

very little

40
Q

When HM’s memory was assessed, it was found that he could/could not form new long-term memories

A

could not

41
Q

True/False: HM would read the same magazine repeatedly without remembering and couldn’t recall what he had eaten earlier the same day

A

True

42
Q

True/False: HM performed awfully on tests of STM

A

False: He performed well on tests of STM

43
Q

Why is the fact that many studies that support MSM don’t use materials such as people’s faces, names, facts, places, etc. a criticism?

A

These are the types of memories we make in everyday life

44
Q

What materials did Jacobs use in his study supporting the multi-store model of memory?

A

Digits and letters

45
Q

What materials did Baddeley use in his study supporting the multi-store model of memory?

A

Words

46
Q

What materials did Peterson & Peterson use in his study supporting the multi-store model of memory?

A

Consonant syllables that have no meaning

47
Q

Why may the multi-store model of memory not be a valid model of how memory works in everyday life?

A

In everyday life we have to remember more meaningful information

48
Q

True/False: There is no evidence of more than one STM store

A

False, there is evidence of more than one STM store, unlike there only being one as suggested in the MSM

49
Q

Who did Shallice and Warrington study?

A

KF

50
Q

True/False: KF had amnesia

A

True

51
Q

Shallice and Warrington found that KF’s STM for digits was very good/poor when they were read out loud to him

A

poor

52
Q

Shallice and Warrington found that KF’s STM for digits was much better when they were read out loud to him/he read them to himself

A

he read them to himself

53
Q

KF and further studies showed there could be another STM store for…

A

non-verbal sounds such as noises

54
Q

The fact that further studies show there could be another STM store for non-verbal sounds such as noises suggests that the MSM is…

A

wrong in claiming there is just one STM store processing different information (visual, auditory, etc.)

Psychology - IN FOCUS Memory (4 decks)

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