The wider war

Question 1

Who were Turkey allied with?

Answer 1

Germany

Question 2

Why was the idea of controlling the Dardanelles put forward?

Answer 2

It would allow the allies to get supplies to Russia. Also, an attack might force the Germans to withdraw some of this troops from other fronts, which may have broken the stalemate on the western front

Question 3

Who created the invasion plan?

Answer 3

Winston Churchill, head of the Royal Navy

Question 4

What was the original plan?

Answer 4

For ships to sail up the Dardanelles and destroy Turkish forts before reaching the capital Constantinople to leave Germany isolated and surrounded

Question 5

When did phase 1 of the attack happen and what happened?

Answer 5

19th February 1915
British and French ships sailed up the Dardanelles and attacked Turkish forts
They gained control within days

Question 6

When was phase 2 of the attack and what happened?

Answer 6

18th March 1915
Battleships and minesweepers entered the Dardanelles but were met with huge resistance and had to retreat

Question 7

When did the ground invasion begin?

Answer 7

25th April 1915

Question 8

Who were the allied forces mainly made out of?

Answer 8

ANZAC - Australia and New Zealand army corps

Question 9

What was the flaw of the plan?

Answer 9

Greek generals advised that at least 150,000 troops would be needed but Lord Kitchener only sent 70,000
The Turks outnumbered them and lay waiting

Question 10

Where was fighting most fierce?

Answer 10

ANZAC cove

Question 11

What were some of the results of the Gallipoli campaign?

Answer 11

• Conditions were awful, around 80% of soldiers got dysentery
• In Britain, the leaders were heavily criticised and was seen as a total disaster
• Nothing was achieved, they could
  not supply Russia and Germany was not isolated
• initial attack did some damage and prevented Turkey from helping the Germans
• it cost 200,000 allied lives

Question 12

Why was control of the sea so important?

Answer 12

It ensured that supplied reached the soldiers and the people at home

Question 13

What happened in the Germany blockade?

Answer 13

In November 1914, Britain declared the North Sea as a war zone so any German ships could be boarded and have their cargo stolen.
This meant vital supplies could not get through

Question 14

What were the impacts of the naval blockade?

Answer 14

• A lack of resources damaged the German industry
• lack of fertilisers led to food shortages, 420,000 starved to death
• lack of medicines led to more deaths
• the suffering inflicted meant support for the war massively decreased

Question 15

When was the Battle of Jutland?

Answer 15

May 1916

Question 16

What happened in the battle of Jutland?

Answer 16

The Germans attempted to surround the British fleet but the British had decided messages and knew.
Despite this, many British ships were destroyed
There were a few more firefights along the way before the Germans returned home

Question 17

What were the results of the battle of Jutland?

Answer 17

Germans claimed victory because they destroyed more ships
British claimed victory because the Germans fled and their navy required substantial repairs. It also remained in harbour for the rest of the war

Question 18

What were U boats used for?

Answer 18

To destroy cargo ships headed to Britain, which were usually American

Question 19

What did Britain first try to do to combat the problem?

Answer 19

They used Q ships, which were warships disguised as cargo ships to try and deter attacks

Question 20

What impact did U boats have on Britain?

Answer 20

They destroyed many cargo ships and by February 1917, it was said that Britain only had 6 weeks of food left

Question 21

What was the new system Britain put forward to combat U boats?

Answer 21

The convoy system
This involved groups of warships and aircraft protecting cargo ships from attacks

Question 22

What impact did the convoy system have?

Answer 22

It dramatically reduced the number of successful U boat attacks

Question 23

What did the Germans do involving U boats, that played a part in America joining the war?

Answer 23

The sinking of the Lusitania

Question 24

What did the first aeroplanes do in the war?

Answer 24

Took part in reconnaissance which allowed troops to be moved from danger

Question 25

What did fighter planes do?

Answer 25

They fought each other in the air, in dogfights
Pilots who shot down many planes were known as aces

Question 26

How did bomber planes change?

Answer 26

At the start of the war, they were primitive and bombs had to be dropped over the side by the pilots
By the end of the war, they could fly further and drop larger bombs

Question 27

How were airships used?

Answer 27

Germany had zeppelins which attacked allied cities

Question 28

What did Italy do in WW1

Answer 28

Despite being in the triple alliance, they did not join war until 1915, when they joined in the allies side instead

Question 29

What happened to German colonies?

Answer 29

They were invaded by the allies and mostly all of them fell under allied control

Question 30

What side of the war was Bulgaria on?

Answer 30

Germany’s side