Alliances and build up

Question 1

Which countries made up the dual alliance?

Answer 1

Germany and AH

Question 2

Who made up the triple alliance?

Answer 2

Germany, AH and Italy

Question 3

What were the allied alliances and what years were they formed

Answer 3

Entente cordiale - France and Britain - 1904
Triple entente - France, Britain and Russia - 1907

Question 4

What was the purpose of the alliance system?

Answer 4

To make relationships with other European powers to increase countries own security and to try and discourage war from breaking out

Question 5

What were the problems with the alliance system?

Answer 5

If a disagreement broke out between 2 countries, it meant all countries had to get involved.
It could result in a large scale conflict

Question 6

When was the first Moroccan Crisis?

Answer 6

1905-06

Question 7

What happened in the first Moroccan crisis?

Answer 7

> France wanted to takeover Morocco and Britain supported them
Kaiser opposed this - visited Tangier in April 1905 to pledge support for independence
he did this to test how far the entente cordiale could be pushed and to show Germany was fully involved in world affairs (weltpolitik)
war could of easily kicked off here

Question 8

When was the Algeciras conference?

Answer 8

1906 - southern Spain

Question 9

What happened at the Algeciras conference?

Answer 9

> all major powers including USA met to try and avoid conflict
Germany felt humiliated - all countries except from AH supported France.
Italy did not support Germany - possible weakness in triple alliance?
higher tensions - Germany unlikely to back down again

Question 10

When was the second Moroccan crisis?

Answer 10

1911

Question 11

What happened in the second Moroccan crisis?

Answer 11

> 1911 - rebellion in Fez and sultan asked for help so France sent 20,000 troops
kaiser accused France of invading so sent the ‘panther’ warship to the area
a series of meetings managed to prevent war but tensions remained extremely high

Question 12

When was the Balkan crisis?

Answer 12

1908-09

Question 13

What happened in the Balkan crisis?

Answer 13

> 1908 - rebellion in Turkey
AH took advantage and took control of Bosnia because the Ottomans could not respond
Serbia was very angry so asked Russia for help
kaiser did not agree but supported AH so Russia backed down
AH could now be confident Germany supported them
Many extremist groups formed in Bosnia - including the Black Hand

Question 14

Which countries were in the Balkan league?

Answer 14

Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro

Question 15

When and what was the first Balkan war?

Answer 15

1913 - between Turkey/ottomans and the Balkan league to try and gain their independence.
Turkey was defeated in just 50 days and withdrew all its territory from Europe

Question 16

When was the second Balkan war?

Answer 16

June - August 1913

Question 17

What happened in the second Balkan war?

Answer 17

> disagreements over who should have which bit of land after Turkey left
Bulgaria declared war on Serbia and Greece and Turkey and Romania joined in against Bulgaria.
Bulgaria was left humiliated and they left up with less land than they started with

Question 18

Results of the Balkan wars

Answer 18

> Serbia doubled in size and became the strongest Balkan country
Bulgaria was weakened and wanted revenge on Serbia
AH saw the growth of Serbia as a threat

Question 19

What was the 2 power standard?

Answer 19

Britains navy had to be bigger then the 2nd and 3rd biggest navies combined

Question 20

What was splendid isolation?

Answer 20

Britain felt they didn’t need any help because of their empire and isolation from Europe and their navy guaranteed them security

Question 21

What led to the end of splendid isolation?

Answer 21

> naval race
dual alliance
Britain and France began to work together more often over their empires
France and Russia formed an alliance
Britain didn’t want to miss out and felt they were forced to come out of their isolation

Question 22

What was weltpolitik?

Answer 22

The name given for the kaisers policy to be part of all world affairs when possible.
Also he wanted an empire to rival Britain and France’s

Question 23

Why did the kaiser start the naval race?

Answer 23

He wanted a navy to rival Britains and he thought it would help him to build his empire

Question 24

How did Britain respond to the naval race?

Answer 24

By building dreadnoughts - the best warships ever built - in 1906. Britain also wanted to keep the 2 power standard