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BB Finals > THE WHOLE BLOOD AND ITS COMPONENTS > Flashcards

THE WHOLE BLOOD AND ITS COMPONENTS Flashcards

1
Q
  • Red cell concentrates
  • Leukocyte-poor red blood cells
  • Frozen-thawed red cells
A

Oxygen-carrying Products

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2
Q
  • Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)
  • Platelet concentrates (PC)
A

Platelet Components

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3
Q
  • Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
  • Frozen Plasma (FP)
  • Cryoprecipitate
  • Stored plasma
A

Plasma Products

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4
Q
  • Normal Serum Albumin (NSA)
  • Immune Serum Globulin (ISG)
  • Factor VIII Concentrate
  • Factor IX Concentrate
  • Plasma Protein Fraction (PPF)
  • Rhogam (Rh Ig)
A

Plasma Derivatives (From pooled plasma components)

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5
Q
  • primary component or MOTHER BAG, directly from the donor
  • UNMODIFIED component
A

Whole Blood

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6
Q

Indicated by Active bleeding, Hemorrhagic shock, Exchange transfusion

A

Whole Blood

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7
Q

Whole blood is indicated when both ____ capacity and _____ are required

A

oxygen-carrying
volume expansion

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8
Q

Shelf life of Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD), Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD), Citrate Phosphate Double-dose of Dextrose (CP2D) in Whole Blood

A

21 days

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9
Q

Shelf life of CPD-A1 (Commonly used anticoagulant in blood bag) in Whole Blood

A

35 days

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10
Q

Shelf life of CPD-AS-1, AS-3, AS-5 in Whole Blood

A

42 days

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11
Q

Considerations in Whole blood
Temperature, transport requirement and characteristics of the other components especially if the storage of whole blood already lapsed after __

A

24 hours

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12
Q

Characteristics of Whole Blood
WBC and platelet no longer viable after ____ storage
FV and FVIII decreases after ____ storage

A

24 hrs
2 days

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13
Q

Storage temp of Whole Blood

A

1-6 degC

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14
Q

Transport requirement for Whole blood

A

Wet ice

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15
Q

Post Transfusion CBC of Whole blood

A

6 hours after transfusion

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16
Q

Immediate effect of one unit:
Increase hematocrit by ____ each 1 unit of WB

A

3%

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17
Q

Challenges Encountered After Whole Blood
Transfusion:
- ____ in patients requiring only O2-carrying capacity components
- Not indicated to correct ____ for normal volemic patients

A

Circulatory overload
anemia

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18
Q

Component rich in HGB and RBC to increase the mass of the circulating red cell in situations where TISSUE OXYGENATION may be impaired

A

Packed RBC

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19
Q

Indication of Packed RBC

A

Restore oxygen carrying capacity (anemia)

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20
Q

Patients that commonly require RBC transfusion: (OEDCI)

A
  1. Oncology patients (undergo chemotherapy)
  2. End-stage renal disease patients
  3. Dialysis patients
  4. Chronic kidney disease
  5. Infants and neonates
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21
Q

The QC of HCT in Packed RBC must be

A

80% or less

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22
Q

Storage temp for Packed RBC

A

1-6 degC

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23
Q

Open System, Once packed RBCs are prepared, it must be transfused within ____
Closed System, Should not be ___ for it to be considered as a closed system

A

24 hours
exposed to air

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24
Q

In an Open system, it can be stored in the ___ depending on the anticoagulant used. Increased probability of ___ during collection
Closed systems are ____ attached needles that are connected to the satellite bags. It may contain _____ solution

A

refrigerator; contamination
integrally; anticoagulant

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25
Q

In an Open system, Red cell will settle down at the ____ of the bag when stored in the refrigerator
In a Closed system, Whole blood can be ___ from the bag to separate from plasma

A

bottom
centrifuged

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26
Q

The validity of the packed RBC in an open system will be ___ at ___

A

24 hours at 1-6°C

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27
Q

Immediate effect of one unit:
- Increase in ___ Hct
- Increase of ___ in Hgb

A

3%
1 g/dL

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28
Q
  • Red blood cell component in which the WBCs have been REMOVED/REDUCED
  • 85% remaining RBCs
  • Most of WBCs are mostly DEPLETED
A

Leukodepleted RBC

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29
Q

Indicated by FNHTR, decrease alloimmunization to WBC or HLA antigens or CMV transfusion, should have the residual WBCs

A

Leukodepleted RBC

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30
Q

Shelf life of Leukodepleted RBC
Closed system –
Open System –

A

Closed system – same with Packed RBC (depends on the anticoagulant)
Open System – 24 hours

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31
Q

Storage temp of Leukodepleted RBC

A

1-6 degC

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32
Q

Means of Leukocyte Removal (CWM)

A
  1. Centrifugation
  2. Washing Procedures (using saline or glycerol)
  3. Mechanical Separation (leukoreduced reduction filter)
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33
Q

Mechanical separation
Depends on the size of the filter
- 1st generation filter – ___ µm
- 2nd generation filter – ___ µm
- 3rd generation filter – ___

A

170
20-40
3-log filter

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34
Q

____ is recommended before storage, RBC its reduces leuko-reduced fragments and cytokines ____ in during storage

A

Pre-storage
increased

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35
Q

can be separated at the time of transfusion

A

Post-storage

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36
Q

added in RBC to restore the ATP and 2, 3 DPG that loses in storage

A

Rejuvenated RBC

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37
Q

Rejuvenation solution (PIGPA but PIPA now)
FDA approved solution = ___

A

phosphate, inosine, glucose (now removed), pyruvate and adenosine
Rejuvesol

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38
Q

Shel life of Rejuvenated RBC
- ____ prior for transfusion
- it can be prepared _____ after expiration of blood

A

24 hrs
3 days

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39
Q

Storage temp for Rejuvenated RBC

A

1-6 degC

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40
Q
  • RBCs washed with STERILE SALINE for the REMOVAL of plasma proteins, platelets, leukocytes and cellular debris
  • Only REDUCED and NOT completely remove leukocyte
A

Washed RBC

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41
Q

Indicated by Anemia with history of febrile reactions, PNH, IgA deficient patients

A

Washed RBC

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42
Q

Shelf life of Washed RBC

A

24 hours

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43
Q

QC requirement for Washed RBC

A

Plasma MUST be REMOVED

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44
Q

Storage temp for Washed RBC

A

1-6 degC

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45
Q
  • Frozen RBCs are prepared for those with rare units such as AB (-) individuals, Bombay phenotype, Rh phenotype and patients that undergoes autologous donation
  • Good for Anemic patients
  • Freeze a particular component
A

Frozen > Thawed > Deglycerolized RBCs

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46
Q

Cryoprotective agent in Frozen > Thawed > Deglycerolized RBCs

A

Glycerol

47
Q

Cryoprotective Agent: Glycerol
- High Concentration: ____ glycerol
Freezer requirement: Mechanical freezer = ___ (Preferred)
- Low Concentration: ____ glycerol
Requirement: Liquid Nitrogen (Prone formation of ice crystals that leads to cell lysis) = ____
- ___ Glycerol + Dextrose, Fructose and EDTA = ___

A

40%; - 65°C
20%; - 100°C
79%; -65°C

48
Q

Shelf life of Frozen > Thawed > Deglycerolized RBCs
Frozen – ____
Deglycerolized – ____

A

10 years
24 hours

49
Q

Storage temp of Frozen > Thawed > Deglycerolized RBCs

A

Freezing

50
Q

Deglycerolize/ Thawed/ Defrost
Thaw - _____
Deglycerolized - ____

A

1-6 degC
wash the RBC via 3-step washing

51
Q

Platelet Concentrates are done via

A

Random Donor Platelets
Single Donor Platelets

52
Q

Prepared from whole blood
Indicated by thrombocytopenia, DIC, Platelet disorder/ bleeding

A

Random Donor Platelets

53
Q

given to patient with impaired normal platelet function and impaired number of circulating platelet

A

Platelet component

54
Q

Shelf life of Random donor platelet

A

5 days with constant agitation

55
Q

Storage temp of Random donor platelet

A

20-24 degC

56
Q

Contraindications of Random donor platelet (TH)

A

Triggers ITP
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

57
Q

QC of Random donor platelet

A

5.5 x 10^10 and 50-65mL of plasma sample

58
Q

Immediate effect of Random donor platelet
Increase platelet count by____ per unit

A

5,000 – 10,000

59
Q

Prepared from apheresis procedure
Indicated by Thrombocytopenia and for patients refractory to RDP due to platelet antibodies

A

Single donor platelet

60
Q

Shelf life of Single donor platelet
Closed system –
Open system –

A

Closed system – 5 days
Open system – 24 hours

61
Q

Storage temp of Single donor platelet

A

20-24 degC

62
Q

Contents of Single donor platelet
____ platelets in approx.____ plasma

A

3.0 x 10^11
300 mL

63
Q

Other platelet components that is for platelet transfusion for NEONATES (should have small volume; hence aliquoting) < 50,000 mL per unit

A

Pooled Aliquot

64
Q

Other platelet components that is to PREVENT development of TAG-GVHD
Only difference with irradiated RBCs is that
RBCs shelf life is NOT altered/affected

A

Irradiated Platelets

65
Q

Other platelet components that must be <8.3x10^5 of RESIDUAL WBCs for platelet-derived from whole blood -5x10^6 of residual WBC for apheresis

A

Leukoreduced Platelets

66
Q

SDP is approximately 6 pooled RDPs is combined into 1 bag
It should be transfused within 4 hours of pooling

A

Pooled Platelets

67
Q
  • Plasma from whole blood donation can be manufactured into a variety of components: FROZEN or CRYOPRECIPITATE
  • can be prepared by removing the plasma from a whole blood and frozen within 8 hours of collection
A

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

68
Q

Indicated by replacement of plasma protein, treatment of multiple coagulation factor deficiencies, Massive Transfusion, Trauma, Liver Disease, DIC

A

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

69
Q

Contraindication of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
Not appropriate as ____

A

volume expander

70
Q

Shelf life of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
Frozen:
Thawed:

A

Frozen: 1 year or 7 years
Thawed: 37°C water bath for 24 hours

71
Q

Storage temp of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
Frozen:
Thawed: ___ water bath followed by ____
storage after thawing

A

Frozen: -18°C or colder
Thawed: 30-37°C ; 1-6°C

72
Q

Contents of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

A

All coagulation factors including 400 mg of Fibrinogen

73
Q

Treatment of stable clotting factor deficiencies

A

Single donor plasma

74
Q

Shelf life of Single donor plasma
Liquid: ____ beyond whole blood expiration
Frozen: ____

A

Liquid: 5 days
Frozen: 5 years

75
Q

Storage temp of Single donor plasma
Liquid:
Frozen:

A

Liquid: 1-6°C
Frozen: -18°C or colder

76
Q

Prepared from Fresh Frozen Plasma that is thawed at 30-37°C and stored at 1-6°C
Cold and soluble precipitate

A

Cryoprecipitated Antihemophilic Factor

77
Q

Indicated by Hemophilia A, von Willebrand’s disease, Fibrinogen deficiency, Factor XIII deficiency (Stable clotting factor)

A

Cryoprecipitated Antihemophilic Factor

78
Q

Shelf life of Cryoprecipitated Antihemophilic Factor
Frozen:
Thawed:
Pooled:

A

Frozen: 1 year
Thawed: 6 hours
Pooled: 4 hours

78
Q

Storage temp of Cryoprecipitated Antihemophilic Factor
Frozen:
Thawed:

A

Frozen: -18°C or colder
Thawed: Room temp (20-24°C)

79
Q

Contents of Cryoprecipitated Antihemophilic Factor
- Factor VIII:C -
- Factor VIII:vWF –
- Fibrinogen –
- Factor XIII –

A
  • Factor VIII:C - 80-150 IU
  • Factor VIII:vWF – 40-70%
  • Fibrinogen – 150-250 mg
  • Factor XIII – 20-30%
80
Q
  • Limited to patients that undergo CHEMOTHERAPY that is prone to NEUTROPENIA
  • Patients with neutropenia is at risk in acquiring BACTERIAL and FUNGAL infections
  • Prepared via apheresis as it provides high yield product compared when it is prepared via whole blood
A

Granulocyte Concentrate

81
Q

Therapeutic dose of Granulocyte Concentrate

A

1.0 x10^10 per day

82
Q

Indicated by severe neutropenia, Fever unresponsive to antibiotic/antifungal therapy, Myeloid hypoplasia of the bone marrow

A

Granulocyte Concentrate

83
Q

Shelf life of Granulocyte Concentrate

A

24 hours

84
Q

Storage temp of Granulocyte Concentrate

A

20-24 degC without agitation

85
Q

Contents of Granulocyte Concentrate

A

≥ 1.0 x 10^10 WBC

86
Q

Concentrates of plasma proteins that are prepared from pools of plasma

A

Plasma Derivatives

87
Q

Given to patients with hemophilia A in relation to
FVIII deficiency

A

Factor VIII Concentrate

88
Q

Shelf life of FVIII and FIX Concentrate
- ___ on the expiration date on the vial
- ___ prepared

A

Varies
Commercially

89
Q

Storage temp of FVIII and FIX Concentrate

A

1-6 degC (lypholized)

90
Q

Indicated by Hemophilia A

A

FVIII Concentrate

91
Q

For patients with Hemophilia B relation to FIX deficiency

A

Factor IX Concentrate

92
Q

Indicated by Hemophilia B

A

Factor IX Concentrate

93
Q
  • Primarily IgG antibody
  • Used for patients with Congenital
    Hypogammaglobulinemia
A

Immune Serum Globulin

94
Q

Shelf life of Immune Serum Globulin
Depend on the route of administration
- Intramuscular:
- Intravenous:

A
  • Intramuscular: 3 years
  • Intravenous: 1 year
95
Q

Indicated by Prophylactic treatment for those exposed to hepatitis, measles, and chicken pox, Hypogammaglobulinemia

A

Immune Serum Globulin

96
Q

Indicated by Hypovolemic patients, Hypoproteinemic patient, Suffered from surgery, trauma and burns

A

Normal Serum Albumin

97
Q

Shelf life and Storage of Normal Serum Albumin and Plasma Protein Fraction
3 years at ___
5 years at ___

A

20-24°C
1-6°C

98
Q

Content of Normal Serum Albumin

A

96% Albumin
4% Globulin

99
Q

Prepared the same as how NSA is prepared, however, PPF does not have as much as high albumin content
Indicated by Plasma volume expansion

A

Plasma Protein Fraction

100
Q

Contents of Plasma Protein Fraction

A

85% Albumin
15-20% Globulin

101
Q

RBCs are often modified into additional products needed for specific patient requirements
Performed using GAMMAIRRADIATOR

A

Irradiated blood

102
Q

Irradiated blood
Gammairradiator uses:
- Cesium ___
- Cobalt ___ radioisotopes

A

137
60

103
Q

Required Dose of Irradiation:
- 25 (gray) - in the ___ of the canister
- 15 (gray) – ____ or ___ dose

A

middle
lowest or minimum

104
Q

Importance of Irradiating Blood (2)

A
  • The donor unit is from a blood relative of the recipient
  • The donor unit’s HLA match the patient
105
Q
  • Rh(D) Ig (Rhogam)
  • Given to females that are Rh (-)ve that are
    pregnant with Rh (+)ve child
A

RhoGAM

106
Q

Shelf life and Storage of RhoGAM

A

3 years at 1-6°C

107
Q

Content of RhoGAM
- Full dose: ___ Anti-D
- Mini dose: ___ Anti-D

A
  • Full dose: 300ug
  • Mini dose: 50ug
108
Q

Indicated by Prevention of Rho (D) immunization

A

RhoGAM

109
Q

Provide a safe alternative with regards to disease transmission because they are already sterilized and contain no human plasma

A

Synthetic Volume Expanders

110
Q

Examples of Synthetic Volume Expanders (NEHRD)

A
  • NSS
  • Electrolyte Solution
  • Hydroxyethyl starch (HES)
  • Ringer’s lactate
  • Dextran
111
Q

Crystalloid
Ex:
IV Retention:
Peripheral Edema:
Pulmonary Edema:
Excretion:
Allergic Reaction:
Cost:

A

Ex: Ringer’s lactate; 75% NSS
IV Retention: Poor
Peripheral Edema: Common
Pulmonary Edema: Possible
Excretion: Easily excreted
Allergic Reaction: Absent
Cost: Cheaper/ Inexpensive

112
Q

Colloid
Ex:
IV Retention:
Peripheral Edema:
Pulmonary Edema:
Excretion:
Allergic Reaction:
Cost:

A

Ex: Dextran, Albumin, Hydroxyethyl starch (HES)
IV Retention: Good
Peripheral Edema: Possible
Pulmonary Edema: Possible
Excretion: Not easily excreted
Allergic Reaction: Rare
Cost: Expensive

BB Finals (6 decks)

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