The Wet Eye

Question 1

what does the prefix mean? Blephar-

Answer 1

eyelid

Question 2

what does the prefix mean? Dacryo-

Answer 2

nasolacrimal system

Question 3

what does the prefix mean? Kerat-

Answer 3

cornea

Question 4

what does the prefix mean? Cyclo-

Answer 4

refers to ciliary body

Question 5

what does the prefix mean? Phac-

Answer 5

lens

Question 6

what does the prefix mean? Hyalo

Answer 6

refers to vitreous

Question 7

epiphora - define

Answer 7

overflow of tears onto the face

Question 8

incr tearing d/t trigeminal irritation - causes

Answer 8

corneal ulcer, foreign body

Question 9

incr tearing d/t drainage problems - causes

Answer 9

Prolapsed of the gland of the nictitans membrane
Eyelid abnormality: entropion / ectropion
Blockage of the nasolacrimal system

Question 10

3 components of tears

Answer 10

lipid
aqueous
mucin

Question 11

role of lipid in tears

Answer 11

Reduces evaporation of tears

Meibomian glands / Tarsal glands

Question 12

role of aqueous in tears

Answer 12

Nourishes ocular surface
Lacrimal gland & Accessory lacrimal gland (aka Nictitating
membrane gland)

Question 13

role of mucin in tears

Answer 13

helps the aqueous part adhere to corneal surface

Goblet cells

Question 14

causes of corneal irritation (trigeminal irritation)

Answer 14

Distichiasis, Trichiasis, Ectopic cilium
Foreign body
Corneal ulceration
Lymphoplasmacitic infiltrate (LPI) cornea
LPI of nictitans membrane (aka: plasmoma)
Eyelid mass
Entropion

Question 15

when to remove an eyelid mass

Answer 15

If affects less than 25% eyelid margin
Wedge resection (house or inverted house)
If affects more than 25% then consider referral

Question 16

aquired entropion

Answer 16

d/t eyelid and skull extreme conformations
Elderly dogs and cats due to laxity of tissues and loss
of retro-orbital fat

Question 17

Blepharospasm

Answer 17

The eye is closed tightly

Can lead to secondary entropion - Spastic entropion

Question 18

treatment of entropion

Answer 18

Apply 1 drop of proxymetacaine (topical anesthetic)
If entropion persists, it needs surgical correction
If entropion disappears, investigate the source of ophthalmic pain

Question 19

eyelid abnormalities

Answer 19

Euryblepharon (= macroblepharon) 
Entropion 
Ectropion 
Combination of above: diamond eye or pagoda eye 
Coloboma /Agenesis

Question 20

Dacryocystitis

Answer 20

Generally foreign body present

Idiopathic: unidentified debris