the western front

Question 1

how was the trenches organised

Answer 1

frontline trench
command trench
support trench
reserve trench
communication trench
parapet
parados
barbed wire
sandbags
fire step
dug out
transverses
latrines

Question 2

how were x-rays on the western front

Answer 2

machine to large to transport
took 90 minutes to take an x-ray
didnt understand certain problems

Question 3

who developed x-rays

Answer 3

wilhelm roentgen

Question 4

what were problems with blood transfusions

Answer 4

blood clotting
infections could pass on
blood would be rejected-blood groups

Question 5

who developed blood transfusions

Answer 5

james blundell

Question 6

what were the western front battles

Answer 6

first battle of ypres
second battle of ypres
battle of somme
battle of aras
third battle of ypres
battle of cambrai

Question 7

what was the first battle of ypres

Answer 7

first few months of the war
german soldiers moved to take the town of ypres
british lost 50000 soldiers
britain now controlled the ports

Question 8

what was the second battle of ypres

Answer 8

britain blew up hill 60
germans moved foward to weak part of british line
britain lost 59000
german gained 2 miles

Question 9

what were different types of transport

Answer 9

horse drawn ambulances
motor ambulances
trains
barges
ships

Question 10

what were transport problems

Answer 10

roads were damaged
fertiliser in the ground increasing infection rate

Question 11

what were horse drawn ambulances

Answer 11

couldnt cope with the number of injuries
shook men about made injuries worse

Question 12

what were motor ambulances

Answer 12

struggled in muddy front line
red cross sent them over

Question 13

what were trains

Answer 13

space for stretches on both sides
had operating theatres

Question 14

what were barges

Answer 14

travelled down canals
were slow
comfortable

Question 15

what were ships

Answer 15

getting injured soldiers further away

Question 16

what were medical conditions on the western front

Answer 16

trench foot
trench fever
shellshock
explosions
rifles
shrapnel
gas attacks

Question 17

what was trench foot

Answer 17

painful swelling of the feet by standing in muddy water
led to gangrene if serious

Question 18

what were preventions of trench foot

Answer 18

keep feet dry
use whale oil
change socks
gangrene-amputation

Question 19

what was trench fever

Answer 19

flu like symptoms
linked to lice

Question 20

what was shellshock

Answer 20

symptoms-tiredness,headaches,nightmares
treatment was to return home

Question 21

what were explosions

Answer 21

explosions could kill or injure immediatley

Question 22

what were rifles

Answer 22

huge numbers of wounds from bullets
could fracture bones
pierce organs

Question 23

what was shrapnel

Answer 23

metal piercing the body
uniform adapted

Question 24

what are different types of gas attacks

Answer 24

chlorine
phosgrene
mustard

Question 25

what did chlorine gas attacks lead to

Answer 25

death by suffocation

Question 26

what did phosgene gas attacks lead to

Answer 26

killing within two days

Question 27

what did mustard gas attacks lead to

Answer 27

internal and externall blisters could burn the skin

Question 28

what were the different caring stations

Answer 28

stretcher bearers regimental aid posts advanced/main dressing stations casualty clearing stations base hosptitals sent back to england

Question 29

what were stretcher bearers

Answer 29

recovered dead and wounded during break from fighting carried basic medical supplies 16 per 1000 soldiers

Question 30

what were regimental aid posts(RAPs)

Answer 30

close to the front line moved forward when casualties expected in ruined buildings dug out behind walls

Question 31

what are advanced dressing stations

Answer 31

set up by ambulance units sent wounded from RAPs less then a mile from battlefield

Question 32

what were casualty clearing stations

Answer 32

first large and well-equipped part of the process 5-7 doctors and nurses had operating theatres,x-ray department

Question 33

why would people be sent back to england

Answer 33

if they were seriously wounded

Question 34

what does RAMC stand for

Answer 34

the royal army medical corps

Question 35

what does the ramc do

Answer 35

all medical officers in army were apart of this treated sick and wounded and kept maintained sanitation in trenches

Question 36

what were the queen alexandras nurses

Answer 36

main group of military nurses well trained would nurse in operations,scrub floors,cook and wash clothes british army only accepted these

Question 37

what does VAD stand for

Answer 37

volunteer aid detachment

Question 38

what does VAD do

Answer 38

groups of volunteers that were mostly middle calss women with no experience mostly did scrubbing and cleaning

Question 39

what was FANY

Answer 39

first aid nursing yeomanry

Question 40

what is FANY

Answer 40

ambulance drivers and nurses worked for belgium at first then recruited for the british army

Question 41

what were medical advancements for WW1

Answer 41

new techniques thomas splint x-rays blood transfusions blood bank brain surgery plastic surgery

Question 42

what was the thomas splint

Answer 42

stopped joints moving raised survival rate

Question 43

what were x-rays used for

Answer 43

seeing bullets or shell fragment in wounds fragile and could overheat

Question 44

why couldnt they store blood

Answer 44

clotted when outside the body

Question 45

what was a blood bank

Answer 45

blood groups identified stopping wrong blood group transfusion sodium citrate used to store blood for a few days

Question 46

what were problems with brain surgery

Answer 46

often fatal infections transport inexperience

Question 47

what were advantages to brain surgery

Answer 47

observation led to new techniques improved survival rate

Question 48

what did plastic surgery focus on

Answer 48

facial reconstruction replaced and restored lost face parts

Question 49

who was key for plastic surgery

Answer 49

harold gillies