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medicine in britain > modern period > Flashcards

modern period Flashcards

history

1
Q

what did james watson and francis crick research

A

in 1953 used x-rays to show dna
proved the dna structure unzips itself and copies

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2
Q

in 1900 what did mendal research

A

genes came in pairs and were inherited from patients

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3
Q

what did james watson and francis crick prove about diseases

A

identified diseases like haemophillia stops blood clotting

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4
Q

what were lifestyle causes of disease

A

smoking
diet
alchohol
tanning

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5
Q

when did smoking become popular

A

1920s

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6
Q

when did doctors notice a rise in lung cancer cases

A

1950s

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7
Q

what other dieases does smoking link to

A

high blood pressure
different cancers
gum disease
tooth decay

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8
Q

how did diet cause disease

A

poor diet with lots of sugars and fats could cause heart disease or type 2 diabetes

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9
Q

what was advice for diet

A

have lots of fresh fruit and vegetables and other things in moderation

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10
Q

what disease did alcohol cause

A

liver disease
kidney problems

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11
Q

what disease did tanning lead to

A

skin cancer

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12
Q

what improved in diagnosing disease

A

more technology allowed more accuracy
treatments faster and efficient

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13
Q

when did blood tests become popular and what for

A

1930s
test for alot of conditions

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14
Q

when did blood sugar testing become popular and what for

A

1960s
allowed diabetes sufferers to check their blood sugar levels

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15
Q

what did x-rays do and when were they created

A

1890s
helped see the inside of the human body without cutting into it

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16
Q

when was blood pressure monitoring created

A

1880s
helps diagnose if blood pressure is to high or to low

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17
Q

what is endoscopes and when was it created

A

1900s
camera on the end of a thin tube
used to investigate digestive system

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18
Q

what are EDGs and when were they created

A

1900s
electro cardiograms measure heart activity

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19
Q

what are CT scans and when were they created

A

1970s
advanced form of x-rays
diagnoses tumors and growths in the body

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20
Q

what are ultrasound scans and when were they created

A

1940s
uses soundwaves to build a picture of body

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21
Q

what are MRI scans and when were they created

A

1970s
uses magnets to create an internal image of the body

22
Q

what were magic bullets

A

idea that a chemical cure would attack a specific disease in the body

23
Q

what did Paul Erlich and Hata research

A

syphilis

24
Q

how did paul erlich find a cure for syphilsis

A

tested over 600 compounds
mixing in more or less arsenic
tested each one on a rabbit
either killed rabbit an disease
or didnt kill either

25
Q

how did hata help find the cure

A

in 1909 hata retested and found the 606th one cured syphilis

26
Q

what was the cure for syphylis named

A

salvarson 606

27
Q

what did gerhad domagk research

A

prontosil and antibiotics

28
Q

how did domagk research antibiotics

A

noticed a red dye called protonsil killed germs in mice
tested it on his daughter with blood poisoning
cured her
stopped bacteria multiplying

29
Q

what are antibiotics

A

treatments that stop the growth and multiplying of bacteria

30
Q

what was the first antibiotic

A

penicillin

31
Q

what were government actions for the prevention of disease

A

mass vaccinations
government legislation
lifestyle campaigns

32
Q

what are mass vaccinations

A

lots of people get vaccinated for a specific disease

33
Q

what are examples of mass vaccinations

A

1942-diphtheria
1956-polio

34
Q

what was government legilsation

A

passed laws such as clean air act of 1956 and 1968
dealt with smog heavy fog caused by pollution

35
Q

what were lifestyle campaigns

A

government advertised healthier lifestyle
dangers of smoking and binge drinking

36
Q

what are examples of lifestyle campaigns

A

stoptober-people stop smoking in october
change4life-encorage healthy eating and excersize

37
Q

when was the nhs launched and what is it

A

1948
everyone should have free healthcare

38
Q

what were the different phases of the nhs

A

phase one
phase two
development to treatments
developments in access to care

39
Q

what was phase one

A

access to care
nhs took over hospitals and medical centre
ambulances and health visitors were added
gps and dentists became part of the nhs
hospitals updated and built

40
Q

what was phase two

A

a focus on high tech equipment

41
Q

what was added in phase two of the nhs

A

advanced x-rays
dialysis machine-test kidneys and heart bypasses
prosthetic limbs to a higher standard
microsurgery-tiny surgical instruments
keyhole surgery-tiny cameras-surgery impact less

42
Q

what were developments for treatments

A

lots of developments taken place
limitations

43
Q

what were linitations to developments in treatments

A

drug-resistant bacteria
lifestyle choices have no cure
viruses difficult to create vaccines

44
Q

what were developments for access to care

A

hospitals were now just for treatment of the sick

45
Q

who was alexander flemming

A

english doctor studied bacteria in 1928
expermineted bacteria and left a petri dish out which got dirty
noticed the mold growing seemed to kill off bacteria-penicillin
didnt research it further

46
Q

what did howard florey and ernst chain develop penicillin

A

revisited old research in 1938
grew the mould again and tested it on mice
killed infections
tested on human in 1941- started to recover

47
Q

what was mass-production of penicillin

A

they needed to produce lots of it but couldnt because of WW2
Us companies agreed to produce it
Us government got invloved

48
Q

what is lung cancer and what causes it

A

second most common cancer in the uk
smoking and breathing in chemicals often to blame

49
Q

what were treatments for lung cancer

A

transplants replace lungs
radiotherapy shrinks tumours
chemotherapy kills it

50
Q

what was government action for lung cancer

A

government banned smoking in workplaces because cost of lung cancer is so high
raising legal age of smoking to 18
raised tax on smoking

medicine in britain (5 decks)

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