industrial period

Question 1

what was spontaneous generation

Answer 1

believed that germs were madeby decay and disease would cause germs to form

Question 2

who is louis pasteur and what did he research

Answer 2

a french chemist
investigated decay in wine and vinegar

Question 3

what did louis pasteur prove

Answer 3

air contained germs
caused decay/disease
germs can be killed by heating
spontaneous generation wrong

Question 4

who is robert koch and what did he investigate

Answer 4

a german scientist
identified specific germs which caused some diseases

Question 5

what did robert koch research in 1882

Answer 5

tuberculosis

Question 6

what did robert koch prove

Answer 6

germs were in every disease
germs reproduce in the body
test animals could be used to grow them

Question 7

who were hospitals funded by

Answer 7

rich people
charity

Question 8

who was treated at hospitals

Answer 8

the sick
rich people were treated at home
only treated the deserving poor

Question 9

what were the conditions of the hospital like

Answer 9

dirty
doctors didnt wash their hands

Question 10

when did florence nightingale manage all the nurses in london

Answer 10

1853

Question 11

when did britain go to war with russia and crimea

Answer 11

1854

Question 12

what did she provide to improve the care of the soldiers

Answer 12

more nurses
300 scrubbing brushes
clean bedding
good meals provided

Question 13

what design to nightingale do to the hospitals

Answer 13

pavillion design
better ventilation
windows
bigger rooms

Question 14

what book did nightingale write and when

Answer 14

Notes on nursing
1859

Question 15

what were the main problems in surgery

Answer 15

pain
blood loss
infection

Question 16

what did opium do for pain

Answer 16

calmed patients didnt deal with shock or pain

Question 17

what did pace do for pain

Answer 17

best solution to be fast

Question 18

what did laughing gas do for pain

Answer 18

small operations like pulling teeth

Question 19

what did ether do for pain

Answer 19

knocked patients out
caused vomit or irritated lungs

Question 20

who is james simpson

Answer 20

scottish surgeon
thought better options available for pain

Question 21

how did he find chloroform

Answer 21

friends were inhaling vapours
chloroform knocked them out

Question 22

why did it become popular

Answer 22

queen victoria used it for child birth

Question 23

what happened if someone had to much chloroform

Answer 23

they were killed

Question 24

how did john snow improve the giving of chloroform

Answer 24

developed a dispenser
gave the right amount of chloroform

Question 25

how did chloroform slow the success of surgery

Answer 25

deeper infections because of deeper surgerys some doctors believed unconscious patients are more likely to die

Question 26

who was joseph lister and what did he study

Answer 26

english surgeon studied infected wounds and rotting flesh

Question 27

what did lister research to stop infection

Answer 27

carbolic acid- used for sewage treatments

Question 28

how did lister test carbolic acid

Answer 28

used it on a broken leg-1865 wound healed cleanly

Question 29

what were the steps of how to use carbolic acid

Answer 29

spray carbolic acid in the air of operation soak bandages in carbolic acid clean tools and hands in carbolic acid

Question 30

how did carbolic acid slow the success of surgery

Answer 30

some surgeons didnt believe germ theory so did not believe germs were in the air dried skin and left a smell

Question 31

what were problems in the pubic health

Answer 31

population increase not enough housing houses close together poor quality no effecitve sewage system

Question 32

what were government actions in 1802

Answer 32

gabe edward jenner £30000 to start a vaccination clinic

Question 33

what were government actions in 1842

Answer 33

researched the poors life expectancy was alot lower because of filfthy conditions

Question 34

what were government actions in 1848

Answer 34

public health act 1848 suggested councils should have clean water supplies and a board of health not compulsary

Question 35

what were government actions in 1853

Answer 35

vaccinations compulsary

Question 36

what were government actions in 1874

Answer 36

Bazalgette sewage system

Question 37

what were government actions in 1875

Answer 37

public health act 1875

Question 38

what were the laws in the public health act 1875

Answer 38

providing clean water removal of sewage public toilets public health officers employed set quality for house building housing inspections food quality checks

Question 39

what was a prevention of smallpox

Answer 39

inoculation

Question 40

what is inoculation

Answer 40

if somebody caught a mild version of smallpox they wouldnt catch it again

Question 41

what were the problems with incolution

Answer 41

alot of people died from a small dose

Question 42

what did edward jenner do

Answer 42

saw that milkmaids caught cow pox and never caught smallpox

Question 43

how did jenner test his theory

Answer 43

on james phipps in 1796 gave him cowpox and then smallpox he didnt catch smallpox

Question 44

why did some people reject jenners idea

Answer 44

jenner could not explain how it worked didnt like the idea of been given a animal disease

Question 45

when did jenner work with the royal society

Answer 45

1798

Question 46

when were their outbreaks of cholera

Answer 46

1831-1854

Question 47

where were most of the cases of cholera

Answer 47

slums prisons workhouses

Question 48

what were symptoms of cholera

Answer 48

thirsty skin would turn blue die within 2-6 days

Question 49

what were preventions for cholera

Answer 49

miasma blamed-councils cleaned towns

Question 50

who was john snow

Answer 50

surgeon from york famous anaesthetis observed cholera from 1848

Question 51

what was john snows theory on cholera

Answer 51

spread by water

Question 52

what did snow do when cholera broke out in soho

Answer 52

created a map to show where deaths happened showed a pattern around water pump removed the water pump water pump was close to a sewage cesspit

Question 53

what did snow try to do with the government

Answer 53

showed his discoveries to the governement germ theory had not been published yet so they had no proof of how it spread