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medicine in britain > industrial period > Flashcards

industrial period Flashcards

1
Q

what was spontaneous generation

A

believed that germs were madeby decay and disease would cause germs to form

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2
Q

who is louis pasteur and what did he research

A

a french chemist
investigated decay in wine and vinegar

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3
Q

what did louis pasteur prove

A

air contained germs
caused decay/disease
germs can be killed by heating
spontaneous generation wrong

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4
Q

who is robert koch and what did he investigate

A

a german scientist
identified specific germs which caused some diseases

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5
Q

what did robert koch research in 1882

A

tuberculosis

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6
Q

what did robert koch prove

A

germs were in every disease
germs reproduce in the body
test animals could be used to grow them

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7
Q

who were hospitals funded by

A

rich people
charity

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8
Q

who was treated at hospitals

A

the sick
rich people were treated at home
only treated the deserving poor

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9
Q

what were the conditions of the hospital like

A

dirty
doctors didnt wash their hands

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10
Q

when did florence nightingale manage all the nurses in london

A

1853

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11
Q

when did britain go to war with russia and crimea

A

1854

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12
Q

what did she provide to improve the care of the soldiers

A

more nurses
300 scrubbing brushes
clean bedding
good meals provided

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13
Q

what design to nightingale do to the hospitals

A

pavillion design
better ventilation
windows
bigger rooms

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14
Q

what book did nightingale write and when

A

Notes on nursing
1859

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15
Q

what were the main problems in surgery

A

pain
blood loss
infection

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16
Q

what did opium do for pain

A

calmed patients didnt deal with shock or pain

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17
Q

what did pace do for pain

A

best solution to be fast

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18
Q

what did laughing gas do for pain

A

small operations like pulling teeth

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19
Q

what did ether do for pain

A

knocked patients out
caused vomit or irritated lungs

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20
Q

who is james simpson

A

scottish surgeon
thought better options available for pain

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21
Q

how did he find chloroform

A

friends were inhaling vapours
chloroform knocked them out

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22
Q

why did it become popular

A

queen victoria used it for child birth

23
Q

what happened if someone had to much chloroform

A

they were killed

24
Q

how did john snow improve the giving of chloroform

A

developed a dispenser
gave the right amount of chloroform

25
Q

how did chloroform slow the success of surgery

A

deeper infections because of deeper surgerys
some doctors believed unconscious patients are more likely to die

26
Q

who was joseph lister and what did he study

A

english surgeon
studied infected wounds and rotting flesh

27
Q

what did lister research to stop infection

A

carbolic acid- used for sewage treatments

28
Q

how did lister test carbolic acid

A

used it on a broken leg-1865
wound healed cleanly

29
Q

what were the steps of how to use carbolic acid

A

spray carbolic acid in the air of operation
soak bandages in carbolic acid
clean tools and hands in carbolic acid

30
Q

how did carbolic acid slow the success of surgery

A

some surgeons didnt believe germ theory so did not believe germs were in the air
dried skin and left a smell

31
Q

what were problems in the pubic health

A

population increase
not enough housing
houses close together poor quality
no effecitve sewage system

32
Q

what were government actions in 1802

A

gabe edward jenner £30000 to start a vaccination clinic

33
Q

what were government actions in 1842

A

researched the poors life expectancy
was alot lower because of filfthy conditions

34
Q

what were government actions in 1848

A

public health act 1848
suggested councils should have clean water supplies and a board of health
not compulsary

35
Q

what were government actions in 1853

A

vaccinations compulsary

36
Q

what were government actions in 1874

A

Bazalgette sewage system

37
Q

what were government actions in 1875

A

public health act 1875

38
Q

what were the laws in the public health act 1875

A

providing clean water
removal of sewage
public toilets
public health officers employed
set quality for house building
housing inspections
food quality checks

39
Q

what was a prevention of smallpox

A

inoculation

40
Q

what is inoculation

A

if somebody caught a mild version of smallpox they wouldnt catch it again

41
Q

what were the problems with incolution

A

alot of people died from a small dose

42
Q

what did edward jenner do

A

saw that milkmaids caught cow pox and never caught smallpox

43
Q

how did jenner test his theory

A

on james phipps in 1796
gave him cowpox and then smallpox
he didnt catch smallpox

44
Q

why did some people reject jenners idea

A

jenner could not explain how it worked
didnt like the idea of been given a animal disease

45
Q

when did jenner work with the royal society

A

1798

46
Q

when were their outbreaks of cholera

A

1831-1854

47
Q

where were most of the cases of cholera

A

slums
prisons
workhouses

48
Q

what were symptoms of cholera

A

thirsty
skin would turn blue
die within 2-6 days

49
Q

what were preventions for cholera

A

miasma blamed-councils cleaned towns

50
Q

who was john snow

A

surgeon from york
famous anaesthetis
observed cholera from 1848

51
Q

what was john snows theory on cholera

A

spread by water

52
Q

what did snow do when cholera broke out in soho

A

created a map to show where deaths happened
showed a pattern around water pump
removed the water pump
water pump was close to a sewage cesspit

53
Q

what did snow try to do with the government

A

showed his discoveries to the governement
germ theory had not been published yet so they had no proof of how it spread

medicine in britain (5 decks)

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