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The Weimar Republic Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a republic?

A

a country without a king or queen

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2
Q

What is the Reichstag?

A

the German parliament

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3
Q

What is a democracy?

A

where the government is elected

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4
Q

What is a constitution?

A

the way a government is set up

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5
Q

When Germany dropped out of the First World War, what did Kaiser Wilhelm ll do?

A

Abdicated and fled the country

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6
Q

What happened in January 1919?

A

Elections held for a new Reichstag

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7
Q

What then happened in February 1919?

A

In Weimar, a new government was agreed

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8
Q

After 1919, what type of government did Germany get?

A

parliamentary democracy

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9
Q

What were the 5 great difficulties at the beginning of Weimar?

A

1) left wing rebellions
2) all people were angry with it
3) right-wing rebellions and terrorists
4) invasion and inflation
5) Munich Putsch

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10
Q

Who was Gustav Stressemann?

A

the new chancellor of Weimar

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11
Q

When Stresemann was chancellor, what did he do well? 3

A

1) economic prosperity
2) foreign policy successes
3) cultural flowering

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12
Q

When was the Wall Street Crash?

A

1929

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13
Q

After the Wall Street Crash, what happened in Germany? 3

A

1) unemployment
2) Nazi party grew more powerful
3) In 1933, Hitler became chancellor

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14
Q

Before the Weimar republic came in, who could vote?

A

Men over 25 only

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15
Q

Before the Weimar republic, who did the electors vote for?

A

Reichstag

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16
Q

Before the Weimar republic, who controlled the army, appointed the government and called the reichstag?

A

The Kaiser ( head of monarch)

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17
Q

After the Weimar republic, who could now vote?

A

men and women over 20

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18
Q

After the Weimar republic, who did the electors vote for?

A

The president and the Reichstag

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19
Q

After the Weimar republic, who controlled the army?

A

the president

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20
Q

After the Weimar republic, from the Reichstag what is selected?

A

the government

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21
Q

what was fair about the way seats were allocated in the new Weimar constitution?

A

political parties were given seats depending on how many votes they got

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22
Q

What is proportional seating?

A

partied got reichstag seats in proportion to the amount of votes they got nation-wide

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23
Q

Who were the Freikorps?

A

bands of right-wing ex soliders

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24
Q

What were the 5 problems of the Weimar repubic in 1919-23? ILRIM

A 
I-ineffective
L-left-wing rebellions
R-right-wing terrorism
I-invasion/inflation
M-munich putsh
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25
what made the constitution ineffective? 5
article 48 proportional voting German states ignored government the army was not under full government control most government officials wanted to destroy the government.
26
What did article 48 say?
in an emergency the president had sole power
27
Whats the problem with proportional voting?
impossible to establish who had the majority
28
Explain the Spartacists uprising
Jan 1919- Spartacists rebelled in Berlin led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Leibknecht- they wanted to follow in the Russians footsteps
29
Explain another left-wing rebellions act
1919- communists workers council took power over all of Germany and a communist people's government took power in Bavaria
30
What happened at the Kapp Putsch?
1920- Freikorps brigade rebelled against the treaty led by Wolfgang Kapp, took over Berlin and tried to bring back the kaiser.
31
Who murdered Rathenau and why?
national terrorist groups because he made a treaty with Russia
32
what was the Kapp Putsch and the assassination of Rathenau example of?
right-wing terrorist attacks
33
what was the cause of inflation?
reparations
34
why did hyperinflation happen?
When Germany failed to make a payment, France invaded the Ruhr, the government who was humiliated by this ordered a strike, he then payed the strikers by printing more money
35
What are the Nazis also called?
the nationalist socialist german workers party
36
what does Mein Kampf mean?
my struggle
37
In Hitlers book, what 4 things did he write about?
1) national socialism 2) racism 3) lebensraum 4) strong government
38
What does national socialism mean?
loyalty to Germany, racial purity, equality and state control of the economy
39
Explain an "aryan"
master, pure race thought of by Hitler, any other race was inferior to the Aryans (pure Germans)
40
Name 4 things the Nazis stood for
1) unity of all German-speaking peoples 2) the abolition of the ToV 3) Land and colonies to fee Germany's population 4) only German citizens
41
what happened at the Munich Putsch (beer hall putsch)
Hitler interrupted the meeting and forced Kahr at gunpoint to agree to support him. Kahr, when released, called in the police and army reinforcements. A day later the Nazis marched on Munich, got stopped by police some were killed, Hitler fled and got arrested 2 days later
42
Why Nazis Supported Munich Battle
``` Weimar weakness-inflation Nazi party growing Stresemann called off strike Mussolinis example Bavarian rebellion fails ```
43
What was the result for the Munich putsch? DTMS
disaster- Nazis defeated trial- Hitler turned his trial into an opportunity and gave long speeches Mein Kampf- Hitler wrote it while in prison Strategy- no power gained by rebellion, gain power by being elected
44
Who is Gustav Stresemann?
the man who led the government and later became chancellor of Weimar
45
What 6 things did Stresemann achieve during his time as leader of Weimar? DIFFER
``` Dawes plan Inflation control French leave the Ruhr Foreign affairs Economic growth Reforms ```
46
What was the Dawes plan?
American gave loans to Germany in order for them to rebuild industry as to support themselves
47
What was the new currency called?
Rentenmark
48
Why did the French leave the Ruhr?
Stresemann called off the strike in the Ruhr and persuaded the French to leave
49
What was the locarno treaty an example of?
foreign affairs
50
What was the locarno treaty?
Germany had agreed to Western boarders set at Versailles but nothing was said about the Eastern boarders
51
What year was Germany allowed to join the league?
1926
52
How much money was borrowed to Germany?
25000 million gold marks
53
What did Germany use this money for?
building roads, railways and factories
54
What two other things did he do that are example of reforms?
Labour exchanges and unemployment pay
55
Why did the Nazis lose support when it came to Stresemann?
Because he was doing so good with Germany and the Nazis ideas became less appealing
56
What were the SS?
Personal bodyguards to Hitler
57
When Hitler came out of jail what did he do to reorganise the party?5
Set up the SS Merged with other right-wing parties then over took them Set up Hitler Youth Joseph Goebbles was put in charge of propaganda Got support by telling people he wanted to destroy communism
58
Why did the Nazis do so badly, for votes during 1924-1929?
It was the golden age, the people of Germany didn't need anybody to vote for because they were in the good times
59
Why did Hitler come to power? BIMP PAP
``` bitterness Ineffective constitution Money Propaganda Programme Attacks on other parties Personal qualities ```
60
Why was Hitler bitter?
Deep anger about the first WW and ToV- people gave him support
61
How did Hitler get the money to run propaganda and election campaigns?
From wealthy businessmen
62
What two things did propaganda focus most on?
Jews to be blamed for all this and Hitler was people's last hope
63
Why did people vote Hitler?
Because he promised them something
64
Who attacked opposition to Hitler?
Storm troopers
65
What was Hitlers main quality that made him so appealing to many?
He was striving- never gave up
66
What bought Hitler to power? ER
Economic depression | Recruited by Hindenburg
67
Explain the economic depression
After the Wall Street crash, America called in loads to Germany and the German economy collapsed. Unemployment grew, people starved on streets. People needed someone to blame and needed solutions- Hitler gave them both.
68
What role did Franz Von Papen play?
Chancellor
69
When was Hitler made chancellor?
1933
70
What were the 8 steps to becoming Fuhrer (dictator)? REEG TONF
Reichstag fire General election Enabling act Gestapo Trade unions banned Night of the long knives Fuhrer
71
Who caused the Reichstag fire?
Van der Lubbe, he was found with matches and fire-lighting material
72
When Hitler only managed to receive 44% of th people vote for Nazi, what did he do to get more?
Arrested 81 communist deputies
73
What was the enabling act?
It made Hitler the dictator of Germany with power to do anything he liked- legally.
74
Who were the Gestapo?
The secret police
75
What did the Gestapo do?
Helped and encouraged people to rat on people who were against Nazis and did stuff wrong
76
When the trade unions were banned, what went in their place? And what did they do?
German labour front which reduced workers pay and took away the right to strike
77
What was the night of the long knives?
Hitler turned on the SA, because he felt they were an embarrassment and the only opposition left. The leader Rohm was talking about overruling the army, so Hitler sent the SS to kill them including Rohm
78
So how did Hitler be Fuhrer?
Hindenburg diced and Hitler took over his place and combined the two jobs-the army had to swear solemnly to Hitler.
79
What was the Dawes plan?
US loans to aid German Economic recovery which in turn they use to pay reparations

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