The Weimar Republic (1919-1929) Flashcards
Who was the chancellor until 1917?
Bethmann
how many men were called up to serve?
13 million
what % of the population served in the army?
20%
who were the 2 ‘silent dictators’?
Hindenburg and Ludendorf?
Which act allowed the government to control all males aged between 17-60?
Auxiliary service act.
how many workers went on strike in January 1918?
400,000
what was agricultural production by the end of the war?
40% to 60% below pre war levels.
how many hours a day did people in armament factories work during war?
10-12 hours
what gave the German communists a hope that they could take over?
The Russian revolution
how many widows and fatherless children were there at the end of the war?
600,000 widows and 2million children
how many men were Germany allowed in the army?
100,000
how many battle ships were Germany allowed?
6 ships
how many submarines and aeroplanes were Germany allowed?
0
what did Germany have to accept in the treaty?
guilt
how much did Germany have to pay in reparations?
6.6billion.
what did Germany lose to the allies?
their empire
what percent of germanys land was lost?
13%
what was Germany not allowed to join?
the League of Nations
Germany lost 16% of what?
coal fields and steel industry
what was Germany forbidden to do?
ally with Austria
what happened if Germany did not accept the treaty?
war would commence.
what type of government changed from and to?
autocracy to democracy
who governed the country?
the president
what voting system was used?
proportional representation
who could vote?
everyone over 20
how often were Reichstag deputies elected?
every 4 years
how long was a president elected for?
7 years
what did a bill of rights guarantee all Germans?
Liberty and equality.
how did proportional representation cause problems for the new government?
coalitions and extremist groups could have a say
how many coalitions were there in 14 years?
20
what powers did the president have?
appoint chancellor, dissolve the reichstag and block new laws.
what did the chancellor need in order to govern?
support of the Reichstag.
what did article 48 mean?
the president had all power in an emergency.
how many times did Ebert use article 48?
138 times
who led the sparticists group?
rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknect
which buildings did the communists take over?
newspaper offices and public buildings in Berlin.
who did Ebert turn to in order to deal with the problem.?
the freikorps
what happened to the leaders of the spartacists?
they were murdered by police.
what did the sparticists murders lead to?
the communists were hostile to the spartacists
why did the right reject the weimar democracy?
November criminals stabbed in back
who were hostile to new republic?
nazis and freikorps
ex soldiers were attractive to which groups?
judges and army officers.
where were right wing groups active?
Bavaria
How many right-wing assassinations took place between 1919 and 1923?
354
What was the name of the victim who was Jewish and someone who signed the Treaty of Versailles?
Walter rathenau
How many of the right-wing assassins was severely punished?
1
In comparison out of the 22 left-wing assassinations how many were executed?
10
Who plotting to overthrow the government?
Dr Wolfgang kapp
Who supported them?
The freikorps
How did the president react?
He fled Berlin
What did this allowed kapp to do?
Declared himself Chancellor
Who refused to attached the putsch?
German army
How did that putsch eventually fail?
Workers went on strike.
Which year and month did Hitler joined the German workers party?
1919 September
What was announced by Hitler in February 1920?
25 point programme
When and to what was the German workers party renamed?
National socialists party (nazis)
Who did the party attract support from?
All classes
When did Hitler attempt to seize power in Bavaria?
november 1923
What was Hitler’s March met by?
Armed police
How many Nazis were killed?
16
What was the name of Hitler’s book?
mein kampf
How long was Hitler in prison for?
Nine months
How did Hitler change the approach of the Nazis?
Wanted to be elected into the government.
What did Germany failed to do in 1923?
Pay reparations
How did the French and Belgians respond?
Invaded the Ruhr
What did CUNOS Government call for?
Passive resistance
What did the French do in response to this?
Executed many involved
Although the government continued to pay wages, what were they unable to claim from the Ruhr?
taxes
What did the government do to pay workers in the Ruhr?
print more money
How much did a loaf of bread cost in 1923?
100 billion marks
Who benefited from hyperinflation?
People who could pay off debts, mortgages, and loans
Which groups of people suffered due to hyperinflation?
Middle-class and elderly
What was the new currency called?
Rentonmark
How did Stressman end the occupations of the Ruhr?
Called off passive resistance and pay the reparations?
What did he sign to improve the reparations and also helped Germany with loans from America?
Dawes plan
What was the reparations repayments reduced to for the first 5 years?
1000 million marks for five years
What did Stressman receive because of this?
Noble peace prize.
What was Germany allowed to join in 1926?
League of Nations
How many chancellors from 1924 to 29?
Four
Which party was the biggest throughout this period
SPD
What percent of the seats did the Nazis when in 1924 and 1928
3%
What percent of the seats did the Communist win in 1924 and 1928
9%
What percent of voters voted for parties against the Weimar Republic?
30%
How many more seats did moderate parties have compared to extremist parties in 1928
136
Who became president in 1925?
Hindenburg
Which city did Berlin challenge to become the cultural centre of Europe?
Paris
How did the life of women change in the 1920s?
Sexual and social freedom
What part of Germany is culture became the most advanced in Europe?
Cinema
Which German actress became very popular
dietrich
What was risky about the new culture
caboret
What could artist do which they couldn’t under the Kaiser?
Criticise politicians
Which architecture movement impacted Germany
bauhaus school
why did people hate the new culture?
Sex obsessed, degenerates, and against tradition.
Which groups hated the new culture
right wing
What did Germany signed help with international relations
loCarno treaty
Type of music that was popular from the US
Jazz
