The Victorian Period Flashcards
What did the religious climate of the 19th century show?
> Evangelicalism created England’s greatest missionary effect
England’s finest hymns
Evangelicalism tempered England’s colonial efforts with humanitarian concerns
Concerns of “high church” Anglicans and “broad church” liberals was offsetting the missions
By the end of Victoria’s reign, What was England less able to meet and why?
The trials of the new century because of her transition from a religious nation to an increasingly secularistic nation
What did Darwin’s “Origin of Species” support?
The theory of evolution of animals species from common origins
What did Darwins “Origin of Species” do?
created a receptive climate of Karl Marx’s theories
Who were The Chartists?
The radicals who organized mass demonstrations and presented Parliament with petitions demanding reform
What missionary was send out to India by evangelicals in Victorian England?
William Carey
What missionary was send out to China by evangelicals in Victorian England?
Hudson Taylor
What missionary was send out to Africa by evangelicals in Victorian England?
David Livingstone
Where was William Carey a missionary to?
India
Where was Hudson Taylor a missionary to?
China
Where was David Livingstone a missionary to?
Africa
How long did the Oxford English Dictionary talk to complete?
70 years
What is possibly the most challenging work of scholarship even accomplished?
The Oxford English Dictionary
Who was the famous Victorian preacher who contributed greatly to the art of the sermon?
Charles Haddon Spurgeon
What did German Biblical scholars do?
They had an even more devastating effect on orthodox Christianity of the Victorian period than Darwins ideas
What are the years of the Victorian Period?
1832-1914
Rather than the writers, who were the true Victorian language innovators, both at home and abroad?
The scientists
Who had an even more devastating effect on orthodox Christianity of the Victorian period than Darwins ideas?
German Biblical Scholars
Who are the radicals who organized mass demonstrations and presented Parliament with petitions demanding reform?
The Chartists
What is the name of Thomas Carlyle’s autobiography?
Sartorial Resartus
What is the controlling image in “The Hero as Divinity”?
that the hero is like lightning acting on kindling
What were the two areas that Thomas Carlyle affected most?
Religious Thought
Social Criticisms
Where did John Henry Newman find religious satisfaction?
In religious traditionalism
What did Newman firmly oppose?
All attempts to separate formal religion from public life, especially schools
What was Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s poetry deepened and enriched by?
the death of his best friend
Who proceeded Alfred, Lord Tennyson as Poet Laureate?
William Wordsworth
Who was Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s main influence?
Thomas Carlyle
What is the name of the work that is the personal record of the experience that shaped Tennyson into the poet prophet predicted by Carlyle?
“In Memoriam”
What is mirrored in In Memoriam?
a celebration of the hero as a doubter and the instance on truths deeper than those which are grasped by reason
What is also offered in, In Memoriam?
reassurance of immortality through mystic insight
What does Tennyson express in Morte de Arthur?
Optimism concerning Victorian faith in human progress
What is the “pilot” in Crossing the Bar?
the “divine and under Who is always guiding us”
What is the basis for Tennyson’s belief?
intuition rather than reason or revelation
What does “Prospice” express?
Brownings faith in immortality
What did Browning create?
the new poetic genre of dramatic monologue
What is the quote from Robert Browning?
“Oh, to be in England/Now that April’s there.”
What is Brownings view of creation closest to?
that of theistic evolution
Who was the Victorian writer who had the most influence on modern literature?
Matthew Arnold
In “Dover Beach” what is the only happiness in a meaningless world?
Faithful Love
Who mostly affected Christina Rossetti’s writings?
17th century Angelical devotional poets
According to Rossetti’s “Long Barren” what are the two elements that most closely relate?
Spiritual vitality and artistic creativity
Who was an Oxford lecturer in mathematics?
Lewis Carrol
Who was an ordained Angelical deacon?
Lewis Carrol
Who was known for his treatises in symbolic logic?
Lewis Carrol
What are most of Lewis Carrol’s poems in the Alice book best described as?
Parodies
What are the characteristics of an effective parody?
> A close relation in form and a distinct difference in the tone between the original and the parody
What does “Child of the Pure Unclouded Brow” reflect?
Lewis Carrol’s ability to compose serious verse
Who taught sunday school as a youth and planned to enter the ministry?
Thomas Hardy
Who studied architecture?
Thomas Hardy
What was the fictional setting of Thomas Hardy’s novels?
Wessex
What does “The Dark Thrush” reflect?
the lingering pain of rejecting Christianity and the futility of trying to purge the miracles from Christianity
What else does “The Dark Thrush” show?
shows the hopelessness of finding a replacement for the Christian faith
What is presented as the chief cause of religious doubt in “The Respectable Burgher”?
Higher criticism
What did Higher criticism do in”The Respectable Burgler”?
Presented as the chief reason for religious doubt
What is the climax of “The Three Strangers”?
When the third stranger was apprehended by the villagers
Why is it ironic that most of Hardy’s early life was spent employed in physical restoration of churches?
Because he was antagonistic toward Christianity
What did Hardy view peasantry as?
“Noble” rustics or contented pagans
What was Thomas Hardy’s first successful novel and what did it do?
“Far from the Madding Crowd” enabled him to support his family through his writings
What are some characteristics of Hopkin’s writing style?
> strong-stress meter
extreme condensation
unusual dictation
multiple meaning
What is Hopkin’s “sprung rhyme” is based on natural speech rhymes instead of syllable division and is like the rhyme pattern of what?
old english poetry
By becoming a priest what happened to Hopkin’s and who did he turn to?
He found he did not have the assurance he had been seeking while at Oxford and turned to Newman for spiritual struggles
What year was A.E Housman born?
1859
>same as Francis Thompson
>when Darwin’s “Origin of Species” was published
What does “To An Athlete Dying Young” show?
The praise for dying young and keeping his honor even in death
What does “To An Athlete Dying Young” demonstrate?
That fame dies more quickly than beauty does
What did Housman’s poetry challenge?
> Gods justice
> His purposeful control of the universe
What does the reluctance of the clock to strike in “Eight O’Clock” suggest?
Regret
According to Thompson in “The Kingdom of God” why can’t Modern man see the Angels?
Because mans unredeemed nature prevents him from seeing them
What does the “The Hound of Heaven” show?
The masterfully recounts the the pursuit of the sinner by God
Who was the last writer of British fiction and poetry to all levels of society?
Rudyard Kipling
Who is the successor to Dickens?
Kipling
What is “The conversion of Aurelian McGoggin”
A Tract
Who did “The conversion of Aurelian McGoggin” seem to target?
Non religious zealots in general but a king of zealot who doesn’t think of himself as religious
According to the Doctor, what was McGoggin’s conversion caused by?
Overwork
