Final Exam Flashcards
What are the years of the Middle Ages?
450 to 1485
What are the years of the Old English period?
450 to 1100
What are the years of the Middle English period?
1100 to 1485
What are the years of the Renaissance?
1485 to 1688
What are the years of the Tudor period?
1485 to 1603
What are the years of the Stuart period?
1603 to 1688
What are the years of the Age of Revolution?
1688 to 1832
What are the years of the Neoclassical period?
1688 to 1789
What are the years of the Romantic period?
1789 to 1832
What are the years of the Age of Reform?
1832 to Now
What are the years of the Victorian period?
1832 to 1914
What are the years of the Modern period?
1914 to Now
Rationalism can be defined as what?
The rule of reason in all areas of life
How did England’s domination of the seas help advance the industrial revolution?
Crowding out the French, Dutch, and Spanish from valuable markets and sources of raw materials
What three main beliefs of Scripture did the Deists reject?
1) the deity of Christ
2) Christ’s death and bodily resurrection
3) miracles of Scripture
What is the purpose of satire?
To upbraid and to warn
What was Daniel Defoe’s most lasting contribution to the novel?
Journalistic realism
The essays found in Addison and Steele’s “The Tatler and The Spectator” are much like our present-day __________
Editorials
What is the purpose of Swift’s “Gulliver’s Travels”?
To vex the world, rather than entertain it
What fundamental question does “An Essay on Man” seek to answer?
Why does evil exist?
List the reasons that the 18th century became a great age of hymnody.
1) hymns provided a respond to the neoclassical emphasis on rational control
2) the neoclassical qualities important to good writing were important to writing a good hymn
What creature is used as an example in illustrating the truth taught in Watts’ “Against Idleness and Mischief”?
A bee
The line “Thither the household feathery people crowd” is an example of what?
Periphrasis
Over what issue did the Wesley’s and Whitefield sharply disagree?
The Calvinistic doctrine of limited atonement
According to Wesley’s journal, he had a grasp of _________ and enjoyed ___________ as well as __________ reading
Greek, secular, sacred
Name Charles Wesley’s hymns.
"And Can It Be That I Should Gain" "Jesus, Lover of My Soul" "Soldiers of Christ, Arise" "Behold the Man!" "The Beatific Sight"
Which of Pope’s characteristics did Dryden lack, according to Samuel Johnson?
Diligence
What book did Boswell write as a result of traveling with Johnson?
“Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides”
What is the verse form of “The Deserted Village”?
Heroic couplets
According to Boswell, what trait of Johnson’s overshadows his shortcomings?
Conversational abilities
What romantic elements are found in “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”?
1) description of rural landscape
2) idealization of humble life
3) use of natural description to generate a mood
4) solitary meditation
The common element in all areas of romantic thinking (political, philosophical, and artistic) is what?
Freedom from restraint
What was Robert Burns known as?
The “heaven-taught plowman”
Unitarianism evaluates an actions’ goodness or badness based on its production of what?
Happiness
List the elements that Christians would agree with romantics on.
1) human reason has limitations
2) intuition has some validity
3) the individual has value
Characteristics of romantic poetry include:
1) the poet himself as the primary subject
2) highly individual perspective
3) awe-inspiring atmosphere
What is ironic about Blake’s inclusion of a graveyard in his “Garden of Love”?
The garden is supposedly dedicated to love, but it produces death AND Blake’s defiance of God’s law will only bring him misery
What institutions of society does William Blake’s “London” condemn?
Religion, government, and family
What did Wordsworth credit as being the major formative influence on his writing?
Nature
In Wordsworth’s definition of the poetic process, what idea reflects the romantic dislike of control?
The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
As a result of his prose, Coleridge is known as the father of what?
Modern literary criticism
How do the sailors punish the Mariner in “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”?
Hanging the albatross around his neck
What is the primary mood of Lamb’s essays?
Nostalgic daydreaming
The Byronic hero is characterized by what?
Arrogance, anguish, sullenness, solitude, self-will, and rebellion
What question, which is probably the most famous rhetorical question in English literature, expresses the theme of Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”?
“If winter comes, can spring be far behind”?
Section IV of “Ode to the West Wind” reveals Shelley’s agreement with the romantic belief in what?
The superiority of childhood innocence and communion with nature
Keats’ first unquestionably great poem was what?
“On First Looking Into Chapman’s Homer”
Name the three missionaries sent out by evangelicals in Victorian England and tell where they served.
William Carey- India
Hudson Taylor- China
David Livingstone- Africa
In “The Eve of St. Agnes”, what brings Madeline and Porphyro back to reality?
A storm
List the concepts true about the religious climate of 19th century England.
1) the period’s evangelicalism produced England’s greatest missionary effect
2) some of England’s finest hymns were produced
3) evangelicalism tempered England’s colonial efforts with humanitarian concerns
4) concerns for social goals were displacing the mission of the church among “high church” Anglicans and “broad church” liberals
____________ _____________ ____________ had an even more devastating effect on the orthodox Christianity of the Victorian period than ___________ ideas.
German biblical scholars, Darwin’s
List the two areas in which Thomas Carlyle had his greatest impact on Victorian England.
Religious thought and social criticism
What did Newman firmly oppose?
All attempts to separate formal religion from public life, especially schools
Tennyson’s poetry was deepened and enriched by what?
The death of his best friend
Who is the “Pilot” in Tennyson’s “Crossing the Bar”?
“The divine and unseen who is always guiding us”
Who was the late Victorian writer who had the most influence on modern literature?
Matthew Arnold
What most affected Christina Rossetti’s writing?
17th century Anglican devotional poets
What new poetic genre did Robert Browning create?
Dramatic monologue
Most of Lewis Carroll’s poems in the Alice books are best described as what?
Parodies
What is Hardy’s attitude toward peasantry?
“Noble” rustics or contented pagans
Thomas Hardy’s “The Darkling Thrush” reflects what aspects?
1) the lingering pain of rejecting Christianity
2) the futility of trying to purge the miraculous from Christianity
Hopkins’ sprung rhythm, which is based on natural speech rhythms instead of syllable divisions, is like the rhythm pattern of what earlier type of poetry?
Old English
List the true statements about A. E. Housman’s “To An Athlete Dying Young”.
1) the youth is praised for dying young and keeps his honor even in death
2) demonstrates that fame dies more quickly than beauty does
In “The Kingdom of God”, Thompson says modern man cannot see angels because why?
Man’s unredeemed nature prevents him from seeing them
Kipling’s “The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin” was said to be what form of literature?
Tract
In Kipling’s story, according to the doctor, what caused McGoggin’s conversion?
Overwork
Who as founder of modern psychology helped foster the existentialist philosophy?
Sigmund Freud
Name the philosophy that maintains the strongest influence on writers of the modern period.
Rationalism
What is the intellectual position most characteristic of the modern period?
Existentialism
The typical modern poem relies on what?
Rhythm
According to the modern writer, what is fatal to art?
Didacticism
The moon imagery in Yeat’s “Adam’s Curse” foreshadows what?
The disillusionment at the end of the poem
Yeats believed that answers for life were found in what?
Art
Joyce’s “Ulysses” uses which method of development?
Stream of consciousness
In Joyce’s “Araby”, why is the boy prevented from leaving for the bazaar?
His uncle is late
Lawrence particularly despises the bourgeois’ love of what?
Sports
What does Virginia Woolf intend the road to symbolize in “Three Pictures”?
Life
In Woolf’s “Three Pictures”, what is the narrator’s response to the first picture?
Satisfaction
In “Feuille D’Album”, what does Ian purchase in his effort to meet the girl?
An egg
What does the “tall tree” symbolize in MacNiece’s “The Truisms”?
The final maturing of the son
In Katherine Mansfield’s stories, what literary element is of supreme importance?
Atmosphere
Why can’t the mother comfort the father in Robert Grave’s “Coronation Address”?
She doesn’t take into account her husband’s feelings toward the matriarchy
Life is tragically absurd and illusions give only false comfort.
Three Pictures
Spiritual fulfillment comes through achieving unity with all of God’s creation.
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
“Tis not too late to seek a newer world”.
Ulysses
All earthly vanity and ambition will eventually fall prey to time.
Ozymandias
Determination in meeting the challenges of death.
Prospice
The loss of religion’s validity.
Araby
The remarkable power of God.
Wesley’s Journal
The superiority of Nature to books as a moral guide.
The Tables Turned
To “vindicate the ways of God to man”.
Essay on Man
Any beautiful, fine accomplishment requires diligent work.
Adam’s Curse
Who wrote “Essay on Criticism”?
Alexander Pope
Who wrote “Coronation Address”?
Robert Graves
Who wrote “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”?
William Wordsworth
Who wrote “Winter”?
James Thomson
Who wrote “When I Was One and Twenty”?
A. E. Housman
Who wrote “The Deserted Village”?
Oliver Goldsmith
Who wrote “The Tyger”?
William Blake
Who wrote “A Red, Red Rose”?
Robert Burns
Complied and edited the “Dictionary of the English Language”
Samuel Johnson
Called “the English Chekhov”
Katherine Mansfield
Upon becoming a Jesuit priest, burned all his poetry
Gerald Manley Hopkins
Took part in a romantic elopement
Robert Browning
Nationalist poet who often wrote in dialect
Robert Burns
After trying to reform Anglicanism, converted to Catholicism
John Henry Newman
Showed great talent, but died of tuberculosis at 26
John Keats
Poet laureate
John Dryden
Wrote satirical travel literature
Jonathan Swift
Know essays
Yeahhhhhh 😅
A story with a literal and an implied level of meaning. The implied level of meaning may suggest actual persons, places, events, and situations or a set of ideas
Allegory
The repetition of similar consonant sound within a group of neighboring words of lines. Often initial consonant sounds are repeated. This poetic device often increases the musical effect of the language.
Alliteration
A reference within a work of literature to something outside it
Allusion
A person or force opposing the protagonist in a drama or narrative
Antagonist
A brief statement, often witty, that expresses a principle, truth, or observation about life
Aphorism
The addressing of some nonpersonal (or absent) object as if it were able to reply
Apostrophe
A narrative poem that can be set to music and sung. Often feature alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and iambic trimester with a regular meter and rhyme scheme
Ballad
A detailed account of a person’s life and accomplishments, written by another person
Biography
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Blank verse
A break or pause introduced in the midst of a line of verse, language, or by content
Caesura
Representations of persons in literature
Character
Drama that ends happily
Comedy
A striking and often elaborate comparison carried out in considerable detail
Conceit
The struggle between opposing characters, forces, or emotions
Conflict
Two consecutive lines of poetry, often written in iambic pentameter, with end words that rhyme
Couplet
Regional variations within the same language, as spoken in different areas of a country
Dialect
One’s choice of words in writing or speaking
Diction
A story consisting of action and dialogue designed for stage performance
Drama
A poem consisting of a speech by a character (who is not the author) addressing an audience at a critical moment in his life
Dramatic monologue
A mournfully contemplative poem that mourns the death of someone, or the loss of something
Elegiac poetry
Originally any poem of solemn medication. Now it is a formal poem lamenting the death of a particular person or meditating on the subject of the death itself
Elegy
Lines whose ends break up a grammatical unity, such as subject and verb or verb and subject
Enjambement
A long, stylized narrative poem celebrating the deeds of a national or ethnic hero
Epic
A metaphor that extends throughout a stanza or an entire poem
Extended metaphor
A literary form typically set in non-existent realms and often featuring supernatural beings
Fantasy
A technique in which words and phrases that have literary meanings are enhanced and given freshness of expression by means of figures of speech
Figurative language
Anonymously composed and passed down orally through the generations before it is committed to print
Folk ballad
A story originating in oral tradition. Folktales fall into a variety of categories, including legends, ghost stories, fairy tales, fables, and anecdotes based on historical figures and events
Folktale
A literary device that supplies clues that hint at later plot development
Foreshadowing
A story within a story
Frame story
The contrast between what is expected and what really happens, or what is said and what is really meant
Irony
A form or poetic imagery commonly found in Anglo-Saxon poetry. A metaphorical phrase or compound word that is used to indirectly name a person, place, or thing.
Kenning
Written by known poets for literary effect
Literary ballad
Short, melodious poems that focus on expressing emotions
Lyrical poetry
Originally devised by the 17th century metaphysical poets, are especially striking and complex
Metaphysical complex
The regular arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem
Meter
Broadly, the expression of one thing in terms of another
Metaphor
A poem in which the author tells a story
Narrative poetry
A long, highly stylized lyric poem written in a complex stand on a serious theme and often for a specific occasion
Ode
A figure of speech in which instinctive human characteristic such as emotions and reason are attributed to an animal, object, or idea
Personification
An outcome in a literary work (not necessarily a poem) in which good is rewarded and evil is punished, especially in ways that particularly fit the virtue of crime
Poetic justice
The main character in fiction, drama, or narrative poetry. It’s the protagonist’s conflict that sets the plot in motion
Protagonist
A stanza consisting of four lines or a four-line poem
Quatrain
The attempt in fiction to create an illusion of actuality by the use of seemingly random detail or the inclusion of the ordinarily or unpleasant in life
Realism
A phrase or sentence repeated at intervals throughout a poem, often at the end of a stanza
Refrain
Identical sounds in corresponding words or phrases
Rhyme
A more or less regular recurrence of stressed syllables in written or spoken utterance
Rhythm
A reaction against the cultural climate and values of neoclassicism
Romanticism
Corrective ridicule in literature, or a work that is designed to correct an evil by means of ridicule
Satire
An old English poet or Bard
Scop
A stated comparison of two things using “like” or “as”
Simile
A lyric poem of 14 iambic pentameter lines conventionally rhyming according to one of two patterns
Sonnet
A narrative method designed to reproduce the mental process of a character, mingling conscious with half-conscious thoughts and sensations, past with present experience, and rational and irrational associations, in an unbroken flow
Stream of consciousness
An object that stands for something else as well as for itself
Symbolism
The way in which grammatical structure is employed to combine words, phrases, and clauses into sentences
Syntax
A recurring or emerging idea in a work of literature
Theme
The prevailing attitude the author adopts toward the reader, a character, or a subject
Tone
Drama that ends unhappily
Tragedy
