The USE of theory in applied social psychology Flashcards
Chapter 2
Like all the social problems, human behavior is the —–. Solving the problem requires —-.
cause, change in behavior
- Conformity; demonstrated how individuals often conform to the majority opinion, even when it is clearly wrong.
ASCH EXPERIMENT
Who is the person behind Psychoanalytic Therapy: Childhood experiences
Sigmund Freud
Who is the person behind Adlerian Theory Therapy: Personal goals, purpose, social interests.
Alfred Adler
Who is the person behind Existential Therapy
Rollo May, Victor Frankl, Irvin Yalom
Who is the person behind Person-centered Therapy
Carl Rogers
Who is the person behind Gestalt Therapy
Fritz and Larva Perls
Who is the person behind Behavior Therapy
BF Skinner, Arnold Lazarus and Albert Bandura
Who is the person behind Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Aaron Beck
Who is the person behind Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
Albert Ellise
Who is the person behind Reality Therapy
William Glasses
Who is the person behind Feminist Therapy
Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn Zerbetenns, Oliva Espin, Laura Brown
✦ Knowledge-Deficit Model
✦ Help make sense of the social behavior
Understand
Intervention- structural change
Solution
✦ Action-Research Model
✦ To test the practicality and
effectiveness of intervention
Evaluation
What are the terms related to theory?
Principles, Hypotheses, Model, Construct
Form the basis for our understanding of human behavior, and should provide the foundation for our efforts to change behavior.
Theory
-Describe specific.
PRINCIPLES
-Testable prediction.
HYPOTHESIS
- Framework that integrates
theories and principles.
MODEL
- building blocks of
psychological theories.
CONSTRUCT
People attempt to explain behavior both their own and that of other people.
Attribution Theory
Who is the person behind Fundamental Attribution Error?
Fritz Heider
Poor behavior attributes to external cause and others poor behavior attributes to internal causes.
Fundamental Attribution Error
What is the intervention for Attribution theory?
plan to aim at breaking dysfunctional patterns of thinking.
✧ Person’s favorable or unfavorable evaluation of an object (or person, or idea)
✧ Suggests that changing attributes doesn’t mean change in behavior.
Attitudes
People are motivated to maintain a basic level of consistency in their thoughts and actions.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Ways to confront dissonance:
○ Change the attitude
○ Change the behavior
○ Add new cognition
Framework for understanding the relationship between attitudes and behavior.
Theory of planned behavor
a person’s belief about what others think they should do.
Subjective Norms
person’s belief about achievable behavior a person can do.
Perceived Behavioral Control
attributes norms, interventions and behavior are assessed during the same level of measurements.
Compatibility Principle
What are the Social Influences?
Imitation, Conformity, Obedience, Compliance, Elaboration Likelihood Model
✧ Replicating another’s actions- appears to be an innate tendency for humans.
✧ Human tendency
✧ people unintentionally imitate other people’s action in social interaction
(Chartrant Bargh)
Imitation
✧ Occurs when a person changes behavior
Conformity
What theory is under conformity?
Kelman’s Social Influence Theory
- only follow the rules when there are external consequences in breaking the law.
Rule Oriented
- might choose to not break the law because they have fundamental values that rules/law should be followed.
Value Oriented
✧ Behavioral change is in response to an explicit demand
Obedience
According to them, people are motivated to comply with individual goals to fulfill
Robert Cialdini and Noah Goltstein
What are the three possible goals of Compliance
Accuracy, Affiliation, Self-Concept
- to reduce ambiguity and acquire an accurate sense of reality.
Accuracy
- develop a meaningful social relationship.
Affiliation
improve self-concept or maintain.
Self-Concept
Different Routes to Persuasion:
✧ Central Route
✧ Peripheral Route
Who are the person behind Elaboration Likelihood Model
Richard Petty and John Cacioppo
- Attends a specific
message.
Central Route
- does not attend to the specific of the message and can be easily persuaded.
Peripheral Route
Self Serving Bias; how to control Biases?
✧ Perspective That Stereotypes
✧ Second Information-Processing
Stereotype
Intrinsically Motivated- values or believes it is personally important not to be
Extrinsically Motivated
Prejudice
● Theory Of Identity Maintenance
● unequal or unfair behavior towards a person based on groups membership.
Discrimination
Dual Concern Model
Contact Hypothesis
What is under prosocial behavior?
- Relationship-mending
- Relationship-enhancing
What is under Social Impact Theory
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Pluralistic Ignorance
❃ Notallsocial problems are identical.
༄Multiply Determined
༄Boundary Conditions
❃ Issues of Complexity of the Problem is the Complexity of the Theory.
༄As theories get larger and broader, they reach a point where they seem to fit almost any situation.
❃ Prediction and Explanations are Not Equally Attainable
❃ Connecting The Principles and Constructs
Defined in The Theory to Situation in The Real World.
Things to Consider when using theory in Applied Work
