Introduction to Social Psychology

Question 1

is a basic science aimed at understanding human social behavior and the motivations, cognitions and emotions related to such behavior.

Answer 1

Social psychology

Question 2

These have phases.

Answer 2

DESIGN EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Question 3

What is phase 1?

Answer 3

To understand which behavior causes the given problem.

Question 4

What is Phase 2?

Answer 4

It is important to examine which factors influence the particular behavior.

Question 5

Phase 3

Answer 5

Understand which intervention techniques are available to change behavior.

Question 6

-May be defined as the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior and thought in social situations.

Answer 6

Basic Social Psychology

Question 7

-The systematic application of social psychological constructs, principles, theories, intervention techniques, research methods and research findings to understand or ameliorate social problems.

Answer 7

Applied Social Psychology

Question 8

Refers to a clearly defined individual (psychological) characteristic that is generally latent and thus not directly observable, although it can be assess through interviews or questionnaires.

Answer 8

Constructs

Question 9

Statement of how a psychological process works.

Answer 9

Principles

Question 10

which involves making a small initial request, followed by a larger related request within a short period.

Answer 10

Foot-in-the-door technique

Question 11

uncomfortable tension that can result from having two conflicting thoughts at the same time, or from engaging in behavior that conflicts with one’s beliefs or attitudes.

Answer 11

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 12

tendency to judge the likelihood or frequency of an event by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind.

Answer 12

Availability Heuristics

Question 13

Is an integrated set of principles that describes, explains, and predicts observed events.

Answer 13

Theory

Question 14

May conduct studies merely out of scientific curiosity about some phenomenon.

Answer 14

Basic Social Psychology

Question 15

Start with a particular theory and examine to what extent the theory may be helpful in understanding various types of social behavior.

Answer 15

[Deductive Approach]

Question 16

specifically trying to contribute towards solving social problems.

Answer 16

Applied Social Psychology

Question 17

Start from a specific social problem, and examine to what extent various theories may help to understand this specific problem.

Answer 17

[Inductive Approach]

Question 18

True or false? Combining basic and applied work is quite invaluable, since it demonstrates to what extent theories tested in experimental settings are valid in real-life situations as well. Thus, studies may be both theory-oriented and problem-oriented.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Depend on empirical tests, that is the use of systematic observations to evaluate propositions and ideas.

Answer 19

SCIENTIFIC METHODS

Question 20

What are the core set of values?

Answer 20

Accuracy, Objectivity, Skepticism, Open-mindedness

Question 21

It is important to examine which factors influence the particular behavior.

Answer 21

Accuracy

Question 22

Minimize bias in obtaining and evaluating data

Answer 22

Objectivity

Question 23

Accept findings as accurate only to the extent that they have been verified over and over again by the data.

Answer 23

Skepticism

Question 24

Accept evidence as valid, even if the evidence is not consistent with one’s initial.

Answer 24

Open-mindedness

Question 25

What are some ethical precepts?

Answer 25

Deception, informed consent, Invasion of privacy, Debriefing

Question 26

This should be avoided whenever possible.

Answer 26

Deception

Question 27

This implies that participants should be informed about the aim of the study and the impact of the study that may have on them.

Answer 27

Informed Consent

Question 28

Personal details should be kept confidential.

Answer 28

Invasion of Privacy

Question 29

Research participants should be debriefed as soon as possible after the research is completed in order to update them on the research and deal with any misconcecptions.

Answer 29

Debriefing

Question 30

4 main goals of science

Answer 30

Description, Prediction, Causality, Explanation

Question 31

Refers to identifying and specifying the details and nature of a phenomenon.

Answer 31

Description

Question 32

Enhances understanding of phenomena. Requires knowing what factors are systematically related to the phenomenon of interest.

Answer 32

Prediction

Question 33

Identifying causes of a phenomenon and to find out whether changes in one factor indeed cause changes in the other factor.

Answer 33

Causality

Question 34

Implies the need to establish why a phenomenon or relationship occurs.

Answer 34

Explanation

Question 35

Interested in understanding the many factors and conditions that affect the behavior and thoughts of individuals concerning other people.

Answer 35

Causes of Behavior and Cognitions

Question 36

Interpersonal characteristics and processes. Individual differences may exist.

Answer 36

Individual factors

Question 37

Effect of opinions and actions of other people on our behavior and thoughts.

Answer 37

Social Factors

Question 38

Contextual factors that may affect our behavior and thoughts.

Answer 38

Situational Factors

Question 39

Cultural values that affect our behavior and thoughts.

Answer 39

Cultural Factors

Question 40

Effect of biological processes and genetic factors on our behavior and thoughts.

Answer 40

Biological Factors

Question 41

What are the features of applied psychology?

Answer 41

Role of personal values, Interdisciplinary research, Social utility

Question 42

Should be aware of their personal values, and the way their values may affect their work. In some cases, their values may conflict with values of other groups.

Answer 42

Role of personal values

Question 43

Not only social science knowledge should be considered, but knowledge from a wide range of other disciplines should be taken into account as well.

Answer 43

Interdisciplinary Research

Question 44

Increase if scientists focus their efforts on those aspects of a social problem where they are likely to have the most impact in resolving the problems at hand.

Answer 44

Social utility

Question 45

༄ Should be aware of their personal values, and the way their values may affect their work. In some cases,their values may conflict with values of other groups.
༄ Intervention techniques are more effective to the extent to which they specifically address those factors that contribute substantially to the particular problem behavior, and those factors that can be improved.
༄ Multiple research designs may be followed to study social problems. A priority, no research design is superior to others.

Answer 45

The use of Multiple theories, Intervention Techniques and Research Methods.

Question 46

More likely to conduct research in field settings, that is, in natural settings where people live, work or recreate.

Answer 46

Field Setting

Question 47

Interested in contributing towards solving social problems.
❀ First, by studying the antecedents of behavior that causes social problems
❀ Second, they may evaluate the effects of interventions on cognitions and behavior.
❀ Third, applied social psychologists can evaluate effects of interventions on social problems and individual quality of life.

Answer 47

Researcher

Question 48

Assist individuals, groups, organizations or communities to resolve particular problems they are facing.

Answer 48

Consultant

Question 49

They can advise policy makers on ways to change cognitions and behavior in order to improve or solve social problems of different kinds.

Answer 49

Policy Advisor