the usa 2.0 Flashcards
what was the james meredith case? p2
•education of black rights tested
•supreme court ordered mississippi uni to admit james meredith
• JFK sent 320 federal marshals to escort meredith
•riot occurred by wcc, 2 dead, 166 marshals injured, and 210 rioters
•JFK reacted by sending 2000 troops to restore order
•”battle of oxford” 300 troops to stay with meredith at all times
james meredith case p1
•after brown vs topeka, 9 black students tried to attend local segregated white school
•governor (orval faubus) surrounded school with state troops to stop them entering
•by federal order the troops were removed
•angry mob of white citizens relaxed them
•eisenhower (president) sent in 1000 troops from 101st airborne to protect the students
• faubus stopped this by closing down all school in little rock
•schools were ordered open by supreme court
after ww2 for black people
•returned to find the same levels of prejudice and segregation (fought against racism and fashism but came back to it)
•employment for black people rose: government work 50,000-200,000 + industrial risen to 2 million
• workers mainly in unskilled, poorly paid jobs, standard of living didn’t improve
• many held by a court ruling “plessy vs ferguson” = “separate but equal”
NAACP
national association for the advancement of coloured people
what was the fair deal
•truman attempted to pass anti-lynching bill, rejected by dixiecrats
•end of 40s only change was armed forces weren’t segregated
•truman argued passionately to end segregation
•black americans used was efforts as clear arguments for equality
treatment of black americans during ww2
•1940-less than 10,000 blacks in army
after ww2- over 1.2 million
•kept in sprayed facilities
jobs of black americans during ww2
•black women served in: women’s army corps, women’s air force service pilots
•6888 central postal directory battalion , cleared all mail in 3 months
•tuskegee airline, proved to America of black communities great accomplishment during ww2. 15,000 missions flown and 150,000 air medals.
Given worse aeroplanes, shut down 12 german bombers in 2 days
The state of civil rights 1941
•segregated
•south= institutional segregation (jim crow laws)
•new deal helped blacks, although still in worst paid jobs
•FDR introduced executive order 8802–> illegal in 1942 to discriminate against blacks in industry and gov jobs
roosevelt’s new ideals?
Relief, Reform, Recovery
US consumer culture and affluence:
•during ww2, US citizens invested heavily in the government, thus had $200 billion to spend on consumer goods
•due to new economic stability companies introduced by now pay later, increase in 800%
•white americans started seeing products as essential rather than luxury
•cold war and korean war led to mass employment and budgets spent on defence industry. Led to more demand for oil, steel and electronics for armed forces. Amercia providing 50% of worlds goods
stats for consumer culture
cars= 1950:60%
1956:63%
televisions=1950:26.4%
1956:81%
what was the baby boom?
US population increased by 40 million
Examples of RRR alphabet agencies
•Relief: CCC (civilian conservation corps) set up to create jobs for men ages 18-25 for hobos living in hoovervilles. Received food, clothing and $1 a day. 250,000 by ‘93
•recovery: AAA (agricultural adjustment agency)
helped farm
prices recover by slowing down production rates
•reform: NRA (national recovery act) set up fair prices, wages and working conditions. Ensured people would be protected in future with minimum wages set
1932 presidential election
•1932, election between hoover and roosevelt caused biggest landslide in us history
23 million for FDR, 16 million for hoover
• due to unpopularity of hoover during bonus marchers and failure to help so far ( laissez faire ) but also due to FDRs appeal ( RRR )
The bonus marchers
•1917 america joins WW1 and need 1million soldiers. Encouraged by a certificate in which they could show after war and given a lump of money
• 10,000 marchers, marching on washington demanding their monkey ($2 million). Hoover declines and brings in. army to remove veterans
• they fire gas grenades into hooverville in washington and protestors, killing a baby by a gas grenade
•3 months before presidential election
how did TGD effect cities?
•Factories close down, increased unemployment
•1/3 of workforce unemployed
•ppl lost their jobs and homes
•some built alternative homes “hoovervilles”
•some drifted across country as hobos
how did TGD effect your he countryside?
•bankruptcy among farmers grew because they were unable to sell produce
•food left to rot in ground
•poor farming methods had exhausted soil in the drought (dust bowl) —> oklahoma, new mexico
•okies and arkies, some that left to find work in the west coast
