The Urinary system - Kidney

Question 1

what are the types of kidney tumours?

what are there subtypes

Answer 1

adult - renal cell adenocarcinoma, renal pelvis tumours, sarcoma
subtypes - clear cell, papillary
childhood - wilms tumour

Question 2

3 epidemiology and 3 aetiology factors of kidney cancer?

Answer 2

more common in men, 25 people diagnosed every day, 8th most common cancer
obesity, smoking, kidney disease. genetic and hereditary

Question 3

outline clinical features of kidney cancer?

Answer 3

haematuria
pain
anaemia
paraneoplastic syndrome - requires direct treatment of the tumour

Question 4

outline staging 1-4 for renal cancer ?

Answer 4

stage 1 - 7cm
stage 3 - ivaded adrenal gland, blood vessels & regional lymph nodes
stage 4 - spread to multiple regional nodes and distant sites

Question 5

what surgery options are available?

Answer 5

partial, simple & radical NEPHRECTOMY - local disease

distant - removal of solitary mets

Question 6

was is RT management for kidney cancer ?

Answer 6

mostly palliative

used pre or post surgery (invasion or incompletly resected tumours)

Question 7

what is the beam arrangement and dose?

Answer 7

parallel opposed ant & post
30Gy in 10#
radioresistant

Question 8

what other modalities other than rt and surgery can be used?

Answer 8

chemo - low response rates used for wilms tumour

biological therapy - advanced cancer