The United Mexican States Flashcards
in Mexico, informal personal networks around political leaders or aspiring public officials used for the advancement of their careers
Camarillas
a personalist leader wielding military or political power; used interchangeably with the term “dictator” or “strongman” in Mexican politics
Caudillo
social divisions that tend to run in the same direction, dividing societies along the same fault line repeatedly and creating more intense political conflict between groups
Coinciding cleavages
a worker’ union that served as a major piece of the PRI’s state-corporatist network during the PRI rule; now ostensibly independent, it still maintains deep ties to the politics of the PRI
Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM)
Mexico’s governing document, establishing a federal system with a supreme national executive, legislature, and judiciary
Constitution of 1917
founded as a left-wing opposition party against the PRI; currently one of the few major parties competing for power in Mexico
Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD)
a party system in which one party consistently controls the government, though other parties may also exist and run
Dominant-Party system
agricultural collective land grants given to peasants by the Cardenas government
Ejidos
an independent regulatory agency created in 1994 to increase the fairness and competitiveness of Mexico’s elections; later reformed to the National Electoral Institute (IFE)
Federal Electoral Institute (IFE)
privately owned land that the Cardenas government seized and redistributed to peasants in the form of ejido land grants
Haciendas
an economic policy program intended to replace goods that are imported with domestically manufactured goods, usually through trade limitations and tariffs combined with subsidies or preferential regulations for domestic companies
Import Substitution industrialization (ISI)
the party that ruled Mexico continuously from 1929 through 2000, now one of the few major parties competing for power in Mexico; it espouses centrist to center-right ideological positions
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
an organization of countries that raises money through contributions from member states and assists countries with particularly problematic debt situations, usually by prescribing neoliberal economic reforms attached to the assistance money
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
factories in Mexico that are largely owned by foreign multinational corporations
Maquiladoras
the largest single ethnic group in Mexico, formed during the colonial period by the mixture of European Spaniards and the Indigenous Amerindian population
Mestizo
high GDP growth that was sustained for much of the period from the 1940s through the 1970s as a result of high energy prices and economic reforms
“Mexican Miracle”
founded as a right-wing opposition party to the PRI rule, it won power for the first time in 2000 and is one of a few major parties competing for power in Mexico today
National Action Party
an autonomous government agency empowered ti organize and implement Mexico’s elections to ensure fairness and competitiveness
National Electoral Institute (INE)
a free-trade agreement enacted in 1994 that involves the United States, Canada and Mexico
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
welfare payments made to targeted impoverished groups, such as poor single mothers, providing cash payment in exchange for the family or individual meeting certain goals. such as educational attainment, set by the government
Opportunidades
large state-owned enterprises that operate as independent businesses
Parastatals
Mexico’s state-owned national oil exploration and refining company
PEMEX
PRI officials who led bureaucratic agencies as a result of their political connections rather than their technical espertise
Politicos
the period of rule umder Porfirio Dias (1876-1911), characterized by authoritarianism, stability, and economic reforms resulting in rising inequality
Porfiriato
