Nations and Society Flashcards
a political ideology that believes that liberty and equality are best achieved by abolishing the state, which anarchists see as the main impediment to advancing human liberty and equality
Anarchism
factors that divide people in a society, such as ethnic, religious, and regional differences
Centrifugal forces
factors that help to unite people in a society, such as common ethnicity, national identity, language, religion, culture, and history
Centripetal forces
status given to individuals by the state that confers specific rights to the individual, such as the right to vote in elections
Citizenship
divisions among people in a society causing conflicts over control of government and policymaking
Cleavages
social divisions that tend to run in the same direction, dividing societies along the same fault line repeatedly and creating more intense political conflict between groups
Coinciding cleavages
a political ideology asserting that liberty and equality can be achieved only through fundamental economic equality of all people via a state ownership of private property
Communism
a political attitude that prefers the status quo to change, especially fast-paced change, and doubts its benefits to society
Conservative
social divisions that tend to run in multiple directions and therefore reduce the overall intensity of each political conflict
Cross-cutting cleavages
the process of consolidating and institutionalizing processes that make a regime more subject to be accountable to the public
Democratization
a sense of belonging to a social group with common cultural tradition
Ethnicity
a political ideology that rejects the notions of liberty and equality as worthwhile values and exalts the state, nation, or racial group as supreme over individual rights
Facism
the process of expanding the interaction between individuals, businesses, and governments across borders worldwide, stemming from changes in technology, economics, transportation, and the exchange of ideas
Globalization
a political attitude that embraces political change through existing political institutions and their reforms rather than through radical transformation or revolution
Liberal
a political ideology that prioritizes liberty and equal protection of all individuals under the law as the central goals of politics
Liberalism
the progression of societies away from traditional values and institutions toward rational processes and technological development
Modernization
a group of people united by a common political identity, usually the desire for self-rule or political autonomy, and commonly also united by ethnicity, language, religion, culture, or other factors
Nation
a sense of pride in national identity that carries political implications, such as the desire for sovereign self-rule
Nationalism
a sense of pride in the state
Patriotism
an individual’s perspective on the acceptable level and pace of political change
Political attitude
norms, values, and expectations held by the public and elites about how the competition for and the wielding of political power should function
Political culture
beliefs about what the fundamental goals of politics and public policy should be
Political ideology
a political attitude that seeks to make rapid changes, potentially including regime change and the abolition of existing political institutions to create new ones
Radical
a political ideology that seeks to balance the values of liberty and equality by integrating market economic principles while using the state to provide some economic security
Social democracy
