Chapter 1

Question 1

when evaluating the relationship of two variables, the evidentiary indication that changes to the independent variable cause statistically significant changes the dependent variable

Answer 1

Causation

Question 2

when evaluating the relationship of two variables, the evidentiary indication that changes in one of the variables corresponds closely to changes in the other variable, though their is not necessarily enough evidence to indicate which is the cause of which

Answer 2

Correlation

Question 3

Factual claims that are based on demonstrable evidence alone

Answer 3

Empirical Statements

Question 4

the political culture and expectations of elites and non-elites that surround the functioning of political institutions

Answer 4

Enviroment

Question 5

the reactions to a public policy by citizens, the media, interest groups, and other actors outside of the state

Answer 5

Feedback

Question 6

the demands and expressions of support that individuals and make to political institutions

Answer 6

Inputs

Question 7

Organizations of individuals with a common public policy goal working to influence public policy in favor of that goal

Answer 7

Interest groups

Question 8

Organizations and systems that help connect citizens to the public policymaking process, most commonly including elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media

Answer 8

Linkage institutions

Question 9

Claims that assert a particular value judgement either instead of or in addition to factual, evidence based assertions

Answer 9

Normative statements

Question 10

norms, values, and expectations, held by the public and elites about how the competition for and the wielding of political power should function

Answer 10

Political culture

Question 11

the policy decisions made by the state in response to the inputs

Answer 11

Outputs

Question 12

Organizations of individuals seeking to win control of government and wield political power by running candidates for office and winning elections or otherwise, depending on the rules of the political system

Answer 12

Political Parties

Question 13

Formal organizations and systems established to make and implement public policy, most commonly including legislative, executive, judicial, bureaucratic and military institutions

Answer 13

State Institutions

Question 14

a holistic view of a political system that seeks to explain how public policy decisions are made, demanded, implemented, and altered.

Answer 14

System theory