The Uk's Evolving Human Landscape - Topic 5 Flashcards
Population Density
The number of people per kilometre squared
Rural Periphery
Areas away from the urban cores. Characteristics of the rural periphery: -older population -more sparsely populated -lower incomes -high transport costs -high out migration of younger people
Immigration
The movement of people into a country
Emigration
The movement of people out of a country
Net Migration
The difference between immigration and emigration.
Primary Production
This involves acquiring raw materials. Anything that comes out of the ground, sea or air.
Secondary Production
This is the manufacturing and assembly process. Marking or assembling products.
Tertiary Production
These are commercial services such as doctors, firefighters, hairdressers or footballers. These provide a service.
Deindustrialisation
Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure of industries, leading to unemployment.
New Economy
The new economy refers to the growth in tertiary sector since the 1980s.
Quaternary Sector
Knowledge based jobs which normally includes the use of technology eg. Financial banking.
Knowledge Economy
An economy based in specialised knowledge and skill. Jobs require degrees and specialised training.
Globalisation
Increased connections between countries around the world.
Free Trade
The free flow of goods and services between places. There are no tariffs (extra charges) added.
Privatisation
The change of ownership from the public sector (government) to the private sector (owned by shareholders).
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Investment from abroad.
Transnational Corporations (TNC)
A company that operates in more than 1 country and therefore causes more globalisation.
Global Shift
The change of location of companies usually from developed to developing world countries.
Urban Structure
How the city land uses are structured.
Site
The actual piece of land built on.
Situation
The location within the surrounding area incl.UK
Connectivity (economic/cultural)
How easy it is to connect and travel to other places.
Building Age
Different ages of buildings.
Housing Density
How developed a housing area is. High density means lots of houses per kilometre squares and a high number of people.
Land Use Zones
The land use structure.
Environmental Quality
The quality of the environment.
Pollution
Air, land and sea.
CBD
Central Business District
The oldest part of the city, where it first began. It’s also the place where most offices are found - as the term CBD suggests; its central!
Ethnic Segregation
When people of a particular ethnic group chose to live with others from the same ethnic group.
Deprivation
The lack of access to goods and services needed to live a good quality of life.
Deindustrialisation
Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure of industries, leading to unemployment.
Suburbanisation
The movement of people from the inner suburbs to the outer suburbs.
Depopulation
The decline of the total population of an area.
Decentralisation
Shift of shopping activity and employment away from the CBD to new areas.
Counter Urbanisation
The movement away from cities to more rural areas.
Green Belt
To limit London’s further growth, a green belt was introduced by planners to protect the countryside. It created a ‘belt’ where no major building was allowed. Further growth to London has to occur beyond this ‘belt’ in cities such as Chelmsford. So it stops urban areas from expanding by saying to people that they can buy and sell this land as much as they want, but they can’t expect to build housing estates or industrial estates on it; it stays as countryside.
