Development Dynamics Topic 2 Flashcards
Development
When something gets improved to make it better then it was before. The progression of something.
Economic Development
Growth in countries that links to income, jobs and the purchasing power.
Political Development
Growth in countries that links to government power, buildings of democracies and laws.
Social development
Growth in countries that links to health, welfare, education and the power of women.
Null Hypothesis
The correlation between two things.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total value of goods produced by a country and dividing it by the population gives you GDP per capita/per person.
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
How much you can buy in each country.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Gives a different rank order when compared with GDP and they take four development indicators and not just one.
Birth Rate
The number of babies born per 1000 people per year.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years a person can be expected to live to.
Poverty Line
The minimum income required to meet someone’s basic needs per day.
Literacy Rate
The % of people over the age of 15 who can read and write.
Infant Mortality
The number of children per 1000 people who die before their first birthday.
Access to Safe Water Supply
The % of the population with access to an improved piped water supply within 1km.
RICs
Recently industrialising countries.
NICs
Newly industrialising countries.
LICs
Low income countries.
MICs
Middle Income Countries
HICs
High income countries.
Natural Change
Natural change can be positive or negative and to work it out you do birth rate - death rate.
Population Dependency Ratio
Population dependency ratio is the ratio between those of working age and those of non working age. The dependency ratio doesn’t just look at certain age groups but whether people are economically active or not. It is calculated as:
% of population aged 0-4 + % of population aged 65+
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Fertility Rate
How many children there are in a family.
Primary Products
Products out of the land, sea and air worth a low value.
Cash Crop
Crops that are grown and sold abroad for money eg. Coffee, tea, tobacco.
Rostow’s Theory - The Traditional Society
The Traditional Society - this is an agricultural economy of mainly subsistence farming, fishing, forestry and some mining. Very low labour productivity.
Rostow’s Theory - Pre-conditions for Take off
Farming becomes more mechanised and building infrastructure before development can take place.
Rostow’s Theory - Take Off
Manufacturing industry becomes more important. There is a better infrastructure, financial investment and culture change.
Rostow’s Theory - The Drive to Maturity
New ideas and improvement in technology. Replace older industries, economic growth spreads throughout the country.
Rostow’s Theory- High Mass Consumption
People have more wealth and so buy services and goods. Welfare systems are fully developed and trade expands.
Frank’s Core Periphery Model
The core represents the developed countries and the periphery represents the developing countries. The periphery produce the cash crops and they are traded between the periphery and the core. The core then processes these low value products into higher value products. Frank believed that the less developed countries are weaker members of a global economy whose rules are decided by the wealthy and he believed that the poorer countries aren’t a simpler version of wealthier countries.
Bottom Up Development
Experts work with communities to identify their needs, offer assistance and let people have more control over their lives and is often run by non-governmental organisations.
