The UK's Evolving Human Landscape Flashcards
what is a rural settlement?
settlements with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants
what is a conurbation?
when a city has expanded outwards and absorbed smaller settlements that used to be separate
what is the urban core?
the central part of a conurbation with a high population density
what is the urban fringe?
the settlement areas around the edge of the urban core with a lower population density
what is population density?
the number of people per square kilometre
what are the economic differences between rural and urban areas?
many people living in rural areas work in urban areas
there are more people working in the primary sector in rural areas
rural settlements have lower average wages than urban cores
what policies have been put in place to reduce economic differences between urban and rural places?
EU’s European Regional Development Fund have invested £2.6 million in businesses in poorer regions
Enterprise Zones have tax cuts to attract businesses to specific regions
new transport investment
in 1961 what % of people living in the UK were born in another country?
3%
in 2015 what % of people living in the UK were born in another country?
13% (8 million)
what is net migration?
the difference between those immigrating and those emigrating
what was the UK’s net migration in 2015?
336,000
what is the UK government’s current immigration policy?
to reduce the level of net migration to 100,000 people per year
which areas of the UK are most affected by retirement migration?
Cornwall, Devon and Dorset
how has retirement migration affected the UK’s economy and society?
increased pressure on health services
increased house prices
ageing population structure
demand for social activities which can create jobs
which areas of the UK are most affected by rural to urban migration?
North and Central Wales
how has rural to urban migration affected the UK’s economy and society?
more young adults moving away as employment is scarce resulting in a children shortage in rural areas
which areas of the UK are most effected by international migration?
London
why did the government encourage international migration from english colonies in the 1950’s?
to fill jobs in industries
how has international migration effected the UK’s economy and society?
provides new jobs in cities
population grows as many migrants are young and have children
what are global players?
the organisations that have a big influence on the global economy
how many £ have foreign companies invested in the UK?
£1 trillion
how has globalisation benefited the UK?
improved foreign relations and boosted the economy
why is privatisation a bad thing for the UK?
it means TNCs can increase our taxes and the government would be powerless against it
what is globalisation?
the process by which trade and investment build more and more connections between countries
what is FDI?
when people in one country invest in businesses in another country to the extent that they gain significant control over how those businesses are run
what are TNCs?
businesses run from one country that have control over enterprises in other countries
by how much has FDI increased in the UK from 2005 to 2015?
88%
how has globalisation increased FDI?
banking and finance can be moved electronically around the world
how have trade deals increased FDI?
deals with developed and emerging countries make imports and exports cheaper and easier and create jobs in the UK
what does the EU encourage between member states?
free trade
how have UK governments encouraged FDI?
by privatising industries and allowing foreign companies to buy them
