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Geography > Dynamic UK cities > Flashcards

Dynamic UK cities Flashcards

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1
Q

what is London’s site like?

A

mostly flat

originally marshy but ideal for a port

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2
Q

what is London’s situation like?

A

in the UK close to Europe so trade is quick via sea

Romans first settled and bridges Thames at the last place it was shallow enough to cross

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3
Q

what is London’s connectivity like?

A

UK’s fastest rail services link London and major UK cities
London’s time zone helps it’s economic growth - can trade with Asia and New York
wide cultural connections
most major A roads and motorways lead to London
world’s second biggest airport at Heathrow

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4
Q

what proportion of the foreign born population in the UK live in London?

A

50%

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5
Q

what are the main challenges of increasing migrants in London?

A 
planning and managing services
different diseases
educating migrants
many don't speak english
70% born to foreign mothers
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6
Q

how is the migrant population distributed across London?

A

inner and outer London has intense diversity

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7
Q

what is the public perception of migration in London?

A

less hostile than the rest of UK

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8
Q

how has industrialisation affected London?

A

in 1981 the docks between tower bridge and the thames closed so ports moved downstream

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9
Q

by 2001 how many Londoners worked in industry?

A

7.5%

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10
Q

between 1971 and 81, how many people did inner London boroughs lose?

A

over 500,000

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11
Q

what sped up the process of sub urbanisation in London?

A

underground

electrification of surface rail

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12
Q

how have out of town shopping centres led to decentralisation?

A

as people move to the suburbs more out of town shopping centres spring up which are easier to access

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13
Q

how have retail parks led to decentralisation?

A

they are located near main roads so are easier to access

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14
Q

how have business parks led to decentralisation?

A

near main roads so products can be transported easier

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15
Q

how has online shopping led to decentralisation?

A

easier than going to shops and provides a wider range of products

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16
Q

what have the company westfield done to tempt people back into inner London?

A

developed shopping centres in inner London

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17
Q

how has increased divorce and marriage led to london growing?

A

people are single longer meaning more homes are needed

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18
Q

how has space caused re urbanisation in london?

A

closure of london’s docks and industries created space for development

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19
Q

how has investment caused re urbanisation in london?

A

large TNCs created jobs in financial and business services

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20
Q

how has gentrification caused re urbanisation in london?

A

many high income earners now prefer to live closer to work

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21
Q

how has studentification caused re urbanisation in london?

A

universities bring employment and student spending

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22
Q

what is being done to achieve sustainable transport in London?

A

2003 congestion charge-£12 daily for motorists in london

electrical vehicle charging points

23
Q

what is being done to tackle employment issues in london?

A

employers allow workers to work from home 1-2 days weekly

flexible working hours

24
Q

what is being done to achieve affordable housing in london?

A

builders must include a number of affordable homes in new estates
First Steps helps those on low income buy houses by offering shared ownership

25
Q

what is being done to achieve energy efficient housing?

A

BEDZED promotes energy conservation

use 81% less energy , 45% less electricity and 58% less water

26
Q

what is being done to make recycling more sustainable in London?

A

by 2020 london aims to reduce household waste by 10%

developing new waste burning stations

27
Q

what are the features of london’s CBD?

A

oldest part of city
very accessible which increases land values
densely built with high rise buildings
worst air quality due to most traffic

28
Q

what are the features of london’s inner suburbs?

A

factories
terrace housing
larger houses divided into flats for rent
high income suburbs

29
Q

what are the features of london’s rural-urban fringe?

A 
city meets countryside
lower building density
all houses have gardens 
good environmental quality
more residential
30
Q

how many overseas migrants settled in london between 2000 and 2013?

A

1.9 million

31
Q

what are the stereotypical qualities of the skilled people in London?

A

tend to be white
highly qualified
well paid jobs

32
Q

what are the stereotypical qualities of the unskilled people in London?

A

undesirable jobs

unsociable hours

33
Q

what % of people in Newham are white?

A

30%

34
Q

what type of area is Newham?

A

deprived

low income

35
Q

what % of children in Newham are living in poverty?

A

38%

36
Q

what % of people living in Newham own their own property?

A

32%

37
Q

what % of people living in Richmond Upon Tees are white?

A

85%

38
Q

what type of area is Richmond Upon Tees?

A

very high income

39
Q

what is the average income in Richmond Upon Tees compared to the rest of the UK?

A

double

40
Q

what % of people living in Richmond Upon Tees own their own property?

A

69%

41
Q

how did fertility rates fall in London from 1961 to 2011?

A

3 to 1.6

42
Q

how has culture and leisure led to regeneration in London?

A

2012 Olympics

43
Q

how many jobs will be created in London each year up until 2036?

A

35,000

44
Q

where did the met office move from and to in 2003?

A

moved from Bracknell to Exeter

45
Q

why did the met office move?

A

the land costs are 10% of those in central london and it’s still easily accessible via transport

46
Q

how many migrants did Devon gain in 2014/

A

5000

47
Q

how many day trips does the Devon coastline attract each year?

A

15 million

48
Q

how does retirees and families moving to the countryside affect those already living there?

A

it pushes up house prices

49
Q

what % of villages in west Cornwall have a doctor’s surgery?

A

38%

50
Q

how many £ has the Eden project generated for the Cornish economy?

A

£1 billion

51
Q

how many people does the Eden project employ directly?

A

700

52
Q

how many people does the Eden project employ indirectly?

A

3000

53
Q

how much is every £10 spent in farm shops worth to the local economy?

A

£23

54
Q

what have farms done to attract more money?

A

use fields as campsites
convert barns into holiday cottages
sell crafts

Geography (8 decks)

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