Dynamic UK cities Flashcards
what is London’s site like?
mostly flat
originally marshy but ideal for a port
what is London’s situation like?
in the UK close to Europe so trade is quick via sea
Romans first settled and bridges Thames at the last place it was shallow enough to cross
what is London’s connectivity like?
UK’s fastest rail services link London and major UK cities
London’s time zone helps it’s economic growth - can trade with Asia and New York
wide cultural connections
most major A roads and motorways lead to London
world’s second biggest airport at Heathrow
what proportion of the foreign born population in the UK live in London?
50%
what are the main challenges of increasing migrants in London?
planning and managing services different diseases educating migrants many don't speak english 70% born to foreign mothers
how is the migrant population distributed across London?
inner and outer London has intense diversity
what is the public perception of migration in London?
less hostile than the rest of UK
how has industrialisation affected London?
in 1981 the docks between tower bridge and the thames closed so ports moved downstream
by 2001 how many Londoners worked in industry?
7.5%
between 1971 and 81, how many people did inner London boroughs lose?
over 500,000
what sped up the process of sub urbanisation in London?
underground
electrification of surface rail
how have out of town shopping centres led to decentralisation?
as people move to the suburbs more out of town shopping centres spring up which are easier to access
how have retail parks led to decentralisation?
they are located near main roads so are easier to access
how have business parks led to decentralisation?
near main roads so products can be transported easier
how has online shopping led to decentralisation?
easier than going to shops and provides a wider range of products
what have the company westfield done to tempt people back into inner London?
developed shopping centres in inner London
how has increased divorce and marriage led to london growing?
people are single longer meaning more homes are needed
how has space caused re urbanisation in london?
closure of london’s docks and industries created space for development
how has investment caused re urbanisation in london?
large TNCs created jobs in financial and business services
how has gentrification caused re urbanisation in london?
many high income earners now prefer to live closer to work
how has studentification caused re urbanisation in london?
universities bring employment and student spending
what is being done to achieve sustainable transport in London?
2003 congestion charge-£12 daily for motorists in london
electrical vehicle charging points
what is being done to tackle employment issues in london?
employers allow workers to work from home 1-2 days weekly
flexible working hours
what is being done to achieve affordable housing in london?
builders must include a number of affordable homes in new estates
First Steps helps those on low income buy houses by offering shared ownership
what is being done to achieve energy efficient housing?
BEDZED promotes energy conservation
use 81% less energy , 45% less electricity and 58% less water
what is being done to make recycling more sustainable in London?
by 2020 london aims to reduce household waste by 10%
developing new waste burning stations
what are the features of london’s CBD?
oldest part of city
very accessible which increases land values
densely built with high rise buildings
worst air quality due to most traffic
what are the features of london’s inner suburbs?
factories
terrace housing
larger houses divided into flats for rent
high income suburbs
what are the features of london’s rural-urban fringe?
city meets countryside lower building density all houses have gardens good environmental quality more residential
how many overseas migrants settled in london between 2000 and 2013?
1.9 million
what are the stereotypical qualities of the skilled people in London?
tend to be white
highly qualified
well paid jobs
what are the stereotypical qualities of the unskilled people in London?
undesirable jobs
unsociable hours
what % of people in Newham are white?
30%
what type of area is Newham?
deprived
low income
what % of children in Newham are living in poverty?
38%
what % of people living in Newham own their own property?
32%
what % of people living in Richmond Upon Tees are white?
85%
what type of area is Richmond Upon Tees?
very high income
what is the average income in Richmond Upon Tees compared to the rest of the UK?
double
what % of people living in Richmond Upon Tees own their own property?
69%
how did fertility rates fall in London from 1961 to 2011?
3 to 1.6
how has culture and leisure led to regeneration in London?
2012 Olympics
how many jobs will be created in London each year up until 2036?
35,000
where did the met office move from and to in 2003?
moved from Bracknell to Exeter
why did the met office move?
the land costs are 10% of those in central london and it’s still easily accessible via transport
how many migrants did Devon gain in 2014/
5000
how many day trips does the Devon coastline attract each year?
15 million
how does retirees and families moving to the countryside affect those already living there?
it pushes up house prices
what % of villages in west Cornwall have a doctor’s surgery?
38%
how many £ has the Eden project generated for the Cornish economy?
£1 billion
how many people does the Eden project employ directly?
700
how many people does the Eden project employ indirectly?
3000
how much is every £10 spent in farm shops worth to the local economy?
£23
what have farms done to attract more money?
use fields as campsites
convert barns into holiday cottages
sell crafts
