The UK's Evloving Human Landscape Flashcards
Population density in UK
Very uneven
Most populated in cities (London, Glasgow, Birmingham)
Upland areas such as Northern Scotland and Central Wales are mostly rural. Rural areas are sparsely populated. Other rural areas north of england, Northern Ireland are not very populated
Urban cores
Urban areas have a higher concentration of economic activity - 60% of jobs in cities are found there. More jobs available here, better paid.
Rural cores
Have fewer job opportunities
More primary industry - fishing, forestry and quarrying
Some areas have a seasonal tourism.
Some rural settlements that are near urban areas have become commuter settlements - people live there and travel into urban areas for work.
Age structure of urban and rural cores
Higher proportion of young people in big cities - more jobs
Higher proportion of older people in rural areas - retiring people want to move out of cities to live in peaceful environments, younger people mover to urban for jobs
UK and EU Government aim to reduce differences in wealth. How?
Creating enterprise zones - government has created 55 enterprise zones across UK. These offer companies a range of benefits for locating in enterprise zones like: reduced taxes and improved infrastructure
Transport infrastructure - government plans to link more cities with a new high speed rail line. This will increase capacity and allow faster journeys - promoting industry and jobs in poorer rural areas
Regional development - common agricultural policy is an EU initiative to make sure EU farmers can earn a living from farming.
Foreign Direct Investment is increasing due to what?
Globalisation - transport have improved making it easier for companies to operate in the UK. London has developed as a global financial centre - many foreign banks have located here because of the business culture and networking opportunities.
Privatisation - services previously run by UK government have been offered private firms. Increased FDI because foreign firms can buy them or merge them with their existing businesses.
Free Trade policies - reduce import and export restrictions, making it easier to trade
What sectors have increased and decreased?
Primary and secondary industries have declined
Tertiary and quaternary sectors are growing
UK economy has increasingly affected by TNC’s
Jobs are created, large scale projects can be built that UK government cannot afford, TNC’s often lead the way in developing new products, technology and business practices
However, there is downside local business struggle to complete against TNC’s
London’s cities structure
CBD, Inner city, suburbs, rural urban fringe
Why is Londons population growing?
MIGRATION
International migration
National migration
Internal population growth
There are lots of inequality in London
Education - best state schools are hard to get into as they are heavily subscribed and difficult to get into. Wealthy parents can send their children to private schools etc. This can trap them in the poverty cycle eg lack of education leads a limited range of job opportunities, and lower income.
Health
Services
Employment
What is rebranding?
Rebranding is about improving a place’s image so that people want to to there. It usually involves regeneration - making actual improvements to the area e.g new buildings.
Challenges for rural areas around London
Employment - employment deprivation is concentrated in a few small pockets
Health Care and Education - ageing population require more health care and special facilities.
Housing - house prices are higher meaning it creates a challenge in providing affordable housing for young people.
