The Tudors & Stuarts Flashcards
What actions did Henry VII take after the Wars of the Roses to secure stability in England?
Henry VII strengthened central administration, diminished noble power, and bolstered the monarchy’s finances. His son, Henry VIII, continued the policy of centralizing power.
Who were the 6 wives of Henry VIII?
- Catherine of Aragon
- Anne Boleyn
- Jane Seymour
- Anne Cleves
- Catherine Howard
- Catherine Parr
Arrogant Boys Seem Clever, Howard Particularly
What happened to the 6 wives of Henry VIII?
- Divorced
- Beheaded
- Died
- Divorced
- Beheaded
- Survived
How did Wales become formally united with England under Henry VIII?
The Act for the Government of Wales
Who succeeded Henry VIII?
- Edward VI, strongly protestant
- The Book of Common Prayer was written to be used in the Church of England
- Died at the age of 15, succeeded by half-cousing Mary
- Mary was a devout Catholic, and prosecuted Protestants (hence Bloody Mary), also short reign
- Succeeded by Queen Elizabeth I (daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boyne)
Elizabethian period
- Re-established Church of England
- Succeeded in finding a balance between the views of Catholics and the more extreme Protestants
- One of the most popular monarchs
- Defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588 (fleet of ships sent to restore Catholicism)
- Period of growing patriotism
- English explorers - new trade routes in the Americas
- English settlers began to colonise the eastern coast of America
- Lots of poetry and drama (William Shakespeare)
Describe the impact of Protestant ideas on Scotland in 1560
- Abolishment of the Pope’s authority by the predominantly Protestant Scottish Parliament
- Declaration of Roman Catholic religious services as illegal
- Establishment of a non-state Protestant Church of Scotland with an elected leadership, contrasting with the state Church structure in England.
Queen of Scotland Mary Stuart
Cousin of Queen Elizabeth I
- Catholic
- Gave up the throne to her protestant son, James 6 of Scotland
- Cousin of Elizabeth I, but later executed for a plot to overtake her (prisoner for 20 years)
Who was one of the founders of England’s navy?
- Sir Francis Drake
- One of the commanders in the defeat of the Spanish Armada
- His ship, the Golden Hind, was one of the first to sail around the world
What happened after the death of Queen Elizabeth I
- Succeeded by James 6 of Scotland, becoming King James 1 of England, Wales and Ireland (Scotland remained separate)
- Translated the bible into English (King James Version)
- Son - Charles 1
Civil war in 1642
- Charles 1 (son of James 1) introduced a revised Prayer Book
- Tried imposing it on the Presbyterian Church in Scotland»_space; unrest
- Struggle over issues of governance, religion, and the distribution of power
- Civil War in 1642 between Cavaliers (supporters of King Charles I) and Parliamentarians
- Charles 1 defeated at the battles of Marston Moor and Naseby
- Executed in 1649, leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell
- Son, Charles 2, led an arymy from Scotland, defeated by **Oliver Cromwell **in the battle of Dunbar
- Parliament now controlled Scotland, Wales and England
- Oliver Cromwell - title of Lord Protector, ruled until 1658
Restoration
- Charles 2 invited back from exile & crowned the king in 1660
- Church of England became the established official Church again
- In 1665, plague outbreak and great fire > new St Paul’s, designed by Sir Christopher Wren
- Charles 2 - interest in science - formed Royal Societies
Habeas Corpus Act
- 1679
- No person can be held prisoner unlawfully (i.e. right to a court hearing)
Glorious Revolution
- Charles 2 no children, so brother James 2 king
- Daughter Mary married William of Orange (Dutch)
- William invaded England in 1688, James fleed
