Early Britain Flashcards
Who were the first people in Britain?
When did they come?
Hunter gatheres
Stone Age
For much of stone age, Britain was connected to the continent by a land
When did Britain become separated from the continent?
~ 10,000 years ago
When did the first farmers arrive to Britain?
~ 6,000 years ago
Where did the ancestors of the first farmers come from?
South-East Europe
What did people build in Stone Age?
Houses, tombs and monuments on the land
Two famous monuments from Stone Age
- Stonehenge (Wiltshire)
- Skara Brae (Orkney, Scotland)
Stonehenge - ceremonial gathering place
Skara Brae - best preserved preh
When did Bronze Age begin?
~ 4,000 years ago
How did people live in the Bronze Age?
How did they bury their dead?
- Roundhouses
- Buried their dead in tombs called round barrow
When did the Iron Age begin?
~ 800 BC
What was the Iron Age characteristic for?
- People still lived in roundhouses, grouped together to larger settlements - Hill forts
- Most people were crafters, farmers, warriors
- Celtic languages spoken
Iron Age Fort
Maiden Castle, Dorset
When did Julius Caesar attempt to invade Britain?
55 BC
Unsuccessful
When did Romans invade Britain?
Emperor Cladius, 43 AD, Romans left 410 AD
Did Romans conquer Scotland?
No, Emperor Hadrian built a Hadrian’s wall to keep Picts out
What are two famous forts within the Hadrian’s wall?
Housestead and Vindolanda
What tribal leader fought against Romans?
Boudicca
Queen of the Iceni, statue on Westminster Bridge
When did Christian communities began to appear in Britain?
3rd - 4th century
After Romans left in 410 AD, who invaded Britain then?
Jutes, Angles, Saxons
The languages they spoke form a wider basis of modern English
What is Sutton Hoo?
A burial place for one of the Anglo-Saxons Kings
How did Christianity spread in Britain?
- North - Irish missionaries - St Patrick
- St Columba (founded a monastery on the island of Iona, Scotland)
- South - Roman missionaries - St Augustine - first Archbishop of Canterbury
When did Vikings first invade Britain?
- 789 AD
- Settled in the East of England & Scotland
Who defeated the Vikings in England?
King Alfred the Great
Who defeated the Vikings in Scotland?
Kenneth McAlpin
The term Scotland began to be used to describe the country
Discuss the battle of Hastings
- 1066
- William (Duke of Normandy - France) defeated Harold (Britain)
- Remembered with an embroidery - the Bayeux Tapestry
