the tudors and the stuarts Flashcards
policy of centralising power
after the War of the Roses, Henry VII strengthened the central administration of England and reduces the power of the nobles
built up financial reserves
what was Henry VIII most famous for?
breaking away from the church of rome and marrying six times
catherine of aragon
spanish princess
only one child survived (Mary)
Henry divorced her
anne boleyn
English
one daughter (Elizabeth)
unpopular in the country and executed at the Tower of London
jane seymour
one son (Edward)
died shortly after birth
anne of cleves
German princess
Henry married her for political reasons but divorced her soon after
Catherine Howard
cousin of Anne Boleyn
executed
Catherine Parr
widow who married Henry late in his life
survived him and married again but died soon after
why did Henry break away from the Church of Rome?
needed Pope’s approval to divorce his first wife
establishment of the Church of England
king and not the Pope has the power to appoint bishops and order how people should worship
the Reformation
movement against the authority of the Pope, and the ideas and practices of the Roman Catholic Church
Protestants formed their own churches, Protestant ideas gradually gained strength during the 16th century
the Reformation in Ireland
attempts by the English to impose Protestantism led to rebellion from the Irish chieftains and brutal fighting followed
formal union of Wales with England during the reign of Henry VIII
Act for the Government of Wales
Welsh sent representatives to the House of Commons
Welsh legal system reformed
who was Henry VIII succeeded by?
Edward VI (strongly Protestant)
- died at 15 after ruling for just over 6 years
then Mary became queen
- died after a short reign
then Elizabeth
Book of Common Prayer
written to be used in the Church of England during Edward VI’s reign
why was Mary known as Bloody Mary?
devout Catholic and persecuted Protestants
Elizabeth I
Protestant
re-established the Church of England as the official Church
found a balance between the views of Catholics and the more extreme Protestants
why was Elizabeth I one of the most popular monarchs in English history?
1588 when the English defeated the Spanish Armada, who were sent by Spain to conquer England and restore Catholicism
the Reformation in Scotland
in 1560, Scottish Parliament abolished the authority of the Pope in Scotland
Roman Catholic religious services became illegal
Protestant Church of Scotland with a leadership was established (but not a state church like England)
Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots
Catholic, and only a week old when her father died and she became queen
most of her childhood spent in France, when she returned to Scotland, at the centre of a power struggle between different groups
when her husband was murdered, she was suspected of involvement and fled to England
- left the throne to James VI (her son)
Elizabeth I’s cousin
- kept a prisoner for 20 years and eventually executed
Elizabethan period in England
time of growing patriotism, feeling of pride in being English
exploration in the Elizabethan period
sought new trade routes, tried to expand British trade into Spanish colonies in the Americas
Francis Drake as a founder of England’s naval tradition
- one of the commanders in the defeat of the Spanish Armada
- his ship (the Golden Hind) as one of the first to sail around the world
English settlers began to colonise the eastern coast of America
William Shakespeare
a midsummer night’s dream, hamlet, macbeth, romeo and juliet
one of the first to portray ordinary Englishmen and women
Elizabeth I’s heir
her cousin James VI of Scotland
- became James I of England, Wales and Ireland but Scotland remained separate
no children of her own as she never married