early Britain Flashcards
earliest era of britain
Stone Age
hunter gatherers
first farmers in Britain
6000 years ago (from SE Europe)
monuments from the Stone age
Stonehenge
Skara Brae
next era of Britain
Bronze Age
4000 years ago
third era of Britain
Iron Age
first coins to be minted
monuments from the Iron Age
Maiden Castle
unsuccessful Roman invasion of Britain
55BC
for 100 years, Britain remained separate from the Roman Empire
successful Roman invasion of Britain
AD43
led by Emperor Claudius
- resistance from British tribes but successful in occupying almost all of Britain
Boudicca as one of the tribal leaders fighting against the Romans
- statue on Westminster Bridge in London
Hadrian’s Wall
built to keep out the Picts (ancestors of the Scottish) in the north of England
includes number of forts (housesteads and Vindolanda)
UNESCO world heritage site
how long did the Romans stay in Britain?
400 years
build roads, public building
created a structure of law
introduced new plants and animals
when did Christian communities appear in Britain?
3rd and 4th centuries AD
when did the Romans leave?
AD410 to defend other parts of the Roman Empire
who invaded Britain next?
tribes from northern Europe - Jules, Angles and Saxons
language is the basis of modern-day English
when were Anglo-Saxon kingdoms established in Britain?
AD600
burial place of one of the kings of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom
Sutton Hoo (modern Suffolk)
king buried with treasure and armour, placed in a ship covered by a mound of earth
parts of Britain that remained free of Anglo=Saxon rule
parts of the west of Britain (what is now Wales and Scotland)
missionaries coming to Britain preaching about Christianity
from Ireland, spreading the religion in the north
St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland)
St Columba (founded a monastery on the island of Iona, off the coast of Scotland)
St Augustine (first Archbishop of Canterbury, led missionaries from Rome spreading Christianity in the south)
when did the Vikings first visit Britain?
AD789 from Denmark and Norway
came to raid coastal towns and take away goods and slaves
- then stayed and formed communities in the east of England and Scotland
who did the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms unite under?
King Alfred the Great
defeated the Vikings
where did the Viking invaders stay?
east and north of England (area known as Danelaw)
- Grimsby and Scunthorpe come from Viking languages
mixed with local communities and converted to Christianity
first Danish king
Cnut - Canute
who did people in the north unite under (after threat of attack by Vikings)
Kenneth MacAlpin
Scotland became to be used to describe the country
when were the Saxons defeated?
1066 - Battle of Hastings
invasion by William, Duke of Normandy (now northern France) defeated Harold, Saxon king of England who died
William became king of England, now known as William the Conqueror
where was the Battle of Hastings commemorated?
Bayeux Tapestry (in France today)
last successful foreign invasion of England
Norman Conquest
led to many changes in government and social structures in England
Norman French, language of the new ruling class, influenced the development of the English language
initially, also conquered Wales but they won territory back
Scots and Normans fought on the border, did not invade but took some land
the Domesday book
William sent people all over England to draw up lists of towns and villages
- picture of society just after the Norman conquest
