early Britain

Question 1

earliest era of britain

Answer 1

Stone Age

hunter gatherers

Question 2

first farmers in Britain

Answer 2

6000 years ago (from SE Europe)

Question 3

monuments from the Stone age

Answer 3

Stonehenge

Skara Brae

Question 4

next era of Britain

Answer 4

Bronze Age

4000 years ago

Question 5

third era of Britain

Answer 5

Iron Age

first coins to be minted

Question 6

monuments from the Iron Age

Answer 6

Maiden Castle

Question 7

unsuccessful Roman invasion of Britain

Answer 7

55BC

for 100 years, Britain remained separate from the Roman Empire

Question 8

successful Roman invasion of Britain

Answer 8

AD43

led by Emperor Claudius
- resistance from British tribes but successful in occupying almost all of Britain

Boudicca as one of the tribal leaders fighting against the Romans
- statue on Westminster Bridge in London

Question 9

Hadrian’s Wall

Answer 9

built to keep out the Picts (ancestors of the Scottish) in the north of England

includes number of forts (housesteads and Vindolanda)

UNESCO world heritage site

Question 10

how long did the Romans stay in Britain?

Answer 10

400 years

build roads, public building

created a structure of law

introduced new plants and animals

Question 11

when did Christian communities appear in Britain?

Answer 11

3rd and 4th centuries AD

Question 12

when did the Romans leave?

Answer 12

AD410 to defend other parts of the Roman Empire

Question 13

who invaded Britain next?

Answer 13

tribes from northern Europe - Jules, Angles and Saxons

language is the basis of modern-day English

Question 14

when were Anglo-Saxon kingdoms established in Britain?

Answer 14

AD600

Question 15

burial place of one of the kings of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom

Answer 15

Sutton Hoo (modern Suffolk)

king buried with treasure and armour, placed in a ship covered by a mound of earth

Question 16

parts of Britain that remained free of Anglo=Saxon rule

Answer 16

parts of the west of Britain (what is now Wales and Scotland)

Question 17

missionaries coming to Britain preaching about Christianity

Answer 17

from Ireland, spreading the religion in the north

St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland)

St Columba (founded a monastery on the island of Iona, off the coast of Scotland)

St Augustine (first Archbishop of Canterbury, led missionaries from Rome spreading Christianity in the south)

Question 18

when did the Vikings first visit Britain?

Answer 18

AD789 from Denmark and Norway

came to raid coastal towns and take away goods and slaves
- then stayed and formed communities in the east of England and Scotland

Question 19

who did the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms unite under?

Answer 19

King Alfred the Great

defeated the Vikings

Question 20

where did the Viking invaders stay?

Answer 20

east and north of England (area known as Danelaw)
- Grimsby and Scunthorpe come from Viking languages

mixed with local communities and converted to Christianity

Question 21

first Danish king

Answer 21

Cnut - Canute

Question 22

who did people in the north unite under (after threat of attack by Vikings)

Answer 22

Kenneth MacAlpin

Scotland became to be used to describe the country

Question 23

when were the Saxons defeated?

Answer 23

1066 - Battle of Hastings

invasion by William, Duke of Normandy (now northern France) defeated Harold, Saxon king of England who died

William became king of England, now known as William the Conqueror

Question 24

where was the Battle of Hastings commemorated?

Answer 24

Bayeux Tapestry (in France today)

Question 25

last successful foreign invasion of England

Answer 25

Norman Conquest

led to many changes in government and social structures in England

Norman French, language of the new ruling class, influenced the development of the English language

initially, also conquered Wales but they won territory back

Scots and Normans fought on the border, did not invade but took some land

Question 26

the Domesday book

Answer 26

William sent people all over England to draw up lists of towns and villages
- picture of society just after the Norman conquest