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British History > The Tudors And The Stuarts > Flashcards

The Tudors And The Stuarts Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of Henry VII’s wives were related? What else’s did they have in common?

A
  • Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard
  • Both executed for having affairs
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2
Q

What was Mary, Queen of Scots accused of? What did she do in response?

A
  • Murdering her husband
  • Fled to England to try to get Elizabeth I’s support
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3
Q
  • Who was the first English person to circumnavigate the Globe?
  • What did he do before that?
A
  • Sir Francis Drake
  • Was a commander in The Spanish Armada & helped to establish England’s Naval Tradition
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4
Q
  • What country was the Armada against?
  • Why did they invade?
  • When did they invade!?
A
  • Spain
  • To restore Catholicism in England
  • 1588
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5
Q
  • What formally connected Wales with England?
  • Who was the monarch at the time?
A
  • “Act for the Government of Wales”
  • Henry VIII
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6
Q
  • How did Elizabeth I handle religion?
  • What resulted from this?
A
  • Everyone had to go to church, and there were laws about what prayers were said and what happened during services
  • BUT did not ask about people’s real beliefs
  • This avoided any serious religious conflict
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7
Q
  • Who succeeded Mary, Queen of Scots?
  • What else is that person famous for?
  • What were their religious beliefs?
A
  • James VI of Scotland, her son
  • Also inherited English throne as James I
  • The King James’ Bible
  • He was Protestant (unlike his mother)
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8
Q

Name 5 of Shakespeare’s famous quotes.

A
  • All the world’s a stage (As You Like It)
  • To be or not to be
  • a rose by any other name would smell as sweet
  • The darling buds of May (Sonnet 18 – Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?)
  • Once more unto the breach (Henry V)
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9
Q

What happened to Wales when it was formally united with England?

A
  • They sent representatives to The House of Commons
  • The Welsh legal system was reformed
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10
Q

What was Mary, Queen of Scots actual name?

A

Mary Stuart

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11
Q

What were the titles of King James?

Why does he have more than one title?

A
  • King James I of England, Wales and Ireland
  • King James VI (6th) of Scotland
  • Because Scotland is still a separate country at this time
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12
Q

The ‘Authorised Version’ is another name for what important book?

A

The King James Bible

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13
Q

True or false: The King James’ Bible is the first translation into English

A

False, but becomes by far the most widely used in Protestant churches

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14
Q

What churches in UK Christianity often use the King James Bible?

Which do not use it at all?

A
  • Protestant
  • Catholic
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15
Q

James I and Charles I believed in what?

A

“The Divine Right of Kings”

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16
Q

Why did the Scots rebel against Charles I?

A

He tried to impose more ceremony into their Presbyterian church and for them to use his new prayer book

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17
Q

Who was the last monarch to enter the House of Commons?

Why did they enter? What did they find?

A
  • Charles I
  • To arrest 5 MP leaders for trying to take control of the English army
  • They had been warned and already fled
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18
Q

In the years prior to the English Civil War, Charles I found ways to _______ without parliament’s approval for ______ years

A
  • Raise money
  • 11 years
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19
Q
  • What group of people gained power in Parliament during Charles I’s reign?
  • What did they dislike about him? Why?
A
  • The Puritans
  • His attempts to add more ceremony to the CoE
  • They were for simple worship vs ceremonial
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20
Q

Why did Charles I eventually need Parliament?

A

To raise money for fighting Scotland

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21
Q

What does “The Divine Right of Kings” mean? Who believed in it?

A
  • That God gives all authority to kings, so the King should be able to rule w/o needing Parliament’s approval
  • James I and Charles I
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22
Q

True or false: Scotland, England, Wales, and Ireland are all part of the same nation during the 1600s/17th century

A

FALSE

  • Scotland is a separate country at this time
  • England, Wales, and Ireland are one nation however
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23
Q

Why did Charles I have to recall Parliament?

A

Due to his trouble with Scotland

24
Q

What did policies did Charles I and Parliament disagree on early on?

A

Religious and foreign policies

25
Q

The _______ people had problems between Charles I because of _______

A
  • Scottish people

His attempts to:

  • impose new CoE ceremonial religious practices
  • And a new prayer book

on their Presbyterian beliefs

26
Q

What did people in the country of ______ do to Charles I for imposing himself on them?

How did he first react?

A
  • Scotland; they formed armies against him
  • Realised he could not raise money w/o parliament;
  • So he recalled parliament to ask for funds to fight Scottish
27
Q

What happens to The Pale during the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII?

A

England extends their control outside of The Pale in Ireland

28
Q

Henry VII and Henry VIII both _______ in Ireland

In addition, Henry VIII does this to Ireland

A
  • They both establish English Authority over the whole country (not just “The Pale”
  • Takes the title “King of Ireland”
29
Q

What laws were introduced in Ireland under Henry VIII?

Who were the Irish local leaders suppose to follow the instructions of?

Where were these people based?

A
  • English Laws
  • Irish local leaders followed the Lord Lieutenants of Dublin
30
Q

Which two battles end the English Civil War?

A
  • Marston Moor
  • Naesby
31
Q

What problem did the puritans use as a weapon to take over the _______?

Why was this problem happening?

A
  • Rebellions in Ireland
  • Irish Catholics were anti puritans growing power
  • To take over the English army
32
Q

Under which Monarch was the Habeas Corpus act established into law?

A

Charles II

33
Q
  • When was the Royal Society formed?
  • Who were two prominent members at the time?
A
  • 17th century under Charles II
  • Sir Edmund Halley and Sir Isaac Newton
34
Q

What are two prominent discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton?

A
  • The Theory of Gravity
  • How white light is comprised of the colours of the rainbow
35
Q

What is the most famous work published by Sir Isaac Newton?

A

Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica

(Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy)

36
Q

After parliament executes Charles I how does Scotland feel?

What do they do as a result?

A
  • They are unhappy, as they did not agree to his execution
  • The declare his son to be King (Charles II), and has him lead a Scottish army to invade England
37
Q

What battles happen between Scotland and Oliver Cromwell?

A
  • Dunbar
  • Worcester
38
Q

Who were purposely kept out of power after Charles II took the throne?

A
  • Puritans
  • Catholics
39
Q
  • What does Habeas Corpus translate into English from Latin?
  • What does it mean in practice?
A
  • You must present the person in court
  • You cannot keep anyone prisoner unlawfully
  • Everyone has the right to a court hearing
40
Q

What kind of “knowledge” was The Royal Society formed to promote?

A

Natural Knowledge

41
Q

Where was Charles II in exile?

A

The Netherlands

42
Q

Who was purposely kept out of power during the reign of Charles II?

A
  • Puritans
  • Catholics
43
Q

What was the relationship between parliament and Charles II during his reign?

A
  • He understood he could not do everything he wanted, and would need parliament’s agreement for some things
44
Q

Why did Oliver Cromwell originally go to Ireland?

What did he do there?

How did this affect parliament back in England?

A
  • To fight to still existing Royalist armies after defeat of Charles I in 1641 (but before is execution in 1649)
  • Won in a brutally violent way
  • this established authority of English parliament
45
Q

What religion was James II?

A

Catholic

46
Q

How does James II treat catholics?

What are the legal ramifications?

A
  • He favours them
  • makes them army officers
  • it is against parliamentary law
47
Q

What triggers the Glorious Revolution?

A

James II has a son, who may inherit the throne over his Protestant daughters

48
Q

True or false: William and Mary had their wedding just before The Glorious Revolution

A

FALSE. They had been married for some time.

49
Q
  • Who initiated the idea for William and Mary get the idea to invade England?
  • When did this happen?
A

They were asked to by prominent Protestants in 1688

50
Q
  • What was the Act of Union of 1707?
  • What triggered it?
  • What new name came out of it?
A
  • An act that added Scotland as a United country with England, Ireland and Wales
  • Queen Anne died without surviving children, which led to uncertainty of succession
  • The Kingdom of Great Britain (which will later be changed to “The Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”)
51
Q

Why is The Glorious Revolution called that?

A
  • It permanently guaranteed the power of Parliament
  • It happened without fighting IN ENGLAND (there was fighting elsewhere)
52
Q

What was the name of the Scottish rebellion that William defeated James II?

A

Killiecrankie

53
Q

When this Clan was late in taking an oath of loyalty, William _____ them

This led to _______ in Scotland

A
  • MacDonalds of Glencoe
  • He massacred them
  • Distrust of the Government
54
Q

Whose army fought with James II in Ireland?

A

A French army

55
Q

When was Habeas Corpus made into law?

A

1679

British History (9 decks)

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