The Troubles Flashcards
What was the troubles?
◍ Conflict- NAtionalists and Unionists
◍ Catholics demanded civil rights
◍ IRA demanded a united Ireland
Long term causes
◍British conquest and colonisation
◍ Struggle for independence
◍ PArtitions
Partition
◍ Unionist resisted Home Rule
◍ Gov. of Ireland Act. 1920 gave a separate parliament to NI
◍ Unionists dominated this parliament
◍ Passed laws to maintain their control
Short term causes
◍ Discrimination [housing and jobs]
◍ Education Act 1947 and Catholic leadership
◍ Civil rights
Gerrymandering
◍ Unionists rigged votes so they controlled council’s in catholic areas
◍ Housing allocation
◍ Unionist council favoured prod houses and jobs
Education Act 1947
◍ Welfare State after WW2
◍ Free Secondary Education
◍ Grants for university
◍ Middle-class leadership - John Hume, Austin Currie
Civil Rights Demands
◍ One man One vote
◍ End to gerrymandering
◍ End to discrimination in housing and jobs
NICRA
◍ Northern IReland Civil Rights Association
Day the troubles began
◍ 5 October 1968- Civil rights marched attacked by RUC [NI police] in Derry.
◍ Police used battons and water canons
◍ Prime Minister -> O’Neill forced to bring refere to the RUC
Battle Of Bogside
◍ Protestant Apprentice Boys marched in Derry 12th
◍ British troops brought in to protect nationalists
RUC
Royal Ulster Constabulary - Police of Ulster
SDLP
◍ Social DEmocratic and Labour Party
◍ LEd by Gerry Fitt but then John Humme
DUP
◍ Democratic Unionist PArty
◍ Ian Paisley [founder]
◍ Opposed leading unionist party in the north
Unionist Groups
◍ Ulster Volunteer Force
◍ Ulster Defence Association
IRA
◍ Split into Official iRA and Provisional IRA
◍ Launched bombing campains
◍ Death of civilians, RUC and British soldiers ‘‘Provos’’
Internment
◍ Brought in Unionist Gov. of Brian Faulkner
◍ The arrest and imprisonment without trial
◍ 342 arrested
◍ Led to widespread rioting
Bloody Sunday Jan 1972
◍ British Soldiers fired on anti-Internment march in Derry
◍ 14 ppl killed
◍ Widespread rioting
Sunningdale Agreement
◍ Proposed power -sharing government with unionist and nationalists
◍ DUP and SDLP
Hunger strikes
◍ IRA Prisoners in H-Blocks demanded political prisoner status
◍ Resisted by MArgret Thatcher
◍ 10 died
◍ RIse in Anti-British feeling
long kesh
◍ H-BLocks held
Anglo -Irish Agreement
◍ Gave Irish government a say in running NI
◍ Opposed by unionists
◍ Formed the basis for future progress towards peace
Good Friday Agreement 1998
◍ To include all political parties
◍ NI part of UK unless decided by the people
Consequences
◍ Death and destruction
◍ Political and economic consequences
◍ Impact on Anglo-Irish relations
◍ Impact on North-South relations
Political consequences
◍ Unionists forced to share political power w. Nationalists
◍ Irish gov. had greater say in affairs in NI
◍ DUP replaced Unionist party as main unionist government
◍ SInn Fein replaced by SDLP as main nationalist party
Economic Consequences
◍ Businesses destroyed by bombs
◍greater poverty in Northern Ireland
◍ Dependence on state welfare benifits
◍ Increased unemployment among young people
North -South relations
◍ Nationalists moved South for Safety
◍ foundation of provisional IRA
◍ Bloody Sunday
Anglo-Irish Relations
◍ IRish government wanted the British gov. to be involved in Northern IReland