The Triumph of Elizabeth, 1563-1603: Foreign Affairs - Relations with Spain, Spanish Armada Flashcards
1
Q
What year did the Spanish Armada attack?
A
- 1588
2
Q
When did the English fight the Spanish Armada?
A
- 21 July - August 1588
3
Q
What mistakes did the Spanish make during the Spanish Armada?
A
- Distance involved meant English knew about attack and could prepare
- English saw Armada from Cornwall on 19 July 1588
- Venture relied on good communication between ships, impossible once sailed
- South-westerly winds blowing into the Channel made sailing difficult
- Fleet under-provisioned and poorly led by Duke of Medina Sidonia
- Philip wrongly assumed the presence of the Armada would force Elizabeth to compromise over the Netherlands and her Protestantism
4
Q
When did the English see the Armada from Cornwall?
A
- 19 July 1588
5
Q
Who led the Spanish Armada?
A
- Duke of Medina Sidonia
6
Q
Give examples of good English tactics during the Spanish Armada
A
- English used beacons to signal that the Armada was nearing
• English positioned navy to force the Armada to sail into the Channel’s south-westerly winds (difficult to sail in)
- Navy then used long-range guns to batter fleet
- English used fire-ships to separate Armada
7
Q
When was the Battle of Gravelines?
A
- 29 July 1588
8
Q
What was the outcome of the Battle of Gravelines?
A
- Duke of Medina Sidonia had to pull away from English gunfire
- And take fleet on a dangerous journey home around west coast of Ireland and north coast of Scotland
9
Q
How was the Spanish Armada’s journey home? How much of the original fleet survived?
A
- Bad weather wrecked many ships
- Fewer than half of original fleet returned to Spain
