Henry VIII, 1509–1547: Relationships with Scotland and Other Foreign Powers - HRE vs France Under Cromwell & Beyond Flashcards
Outline the main events in Henry’s foreign policy from 1538-1547 under Cromwell and beyond
• 1538
- Charles V and Francis I make peace and agree to sever connections with England in Treaty of Nice
• 1541
- Charles and Francis at war again (Francis allied with Ottoman Turks)
- Henry and Charles promise to invade France within two years
• 1544
- Henry led 48,000 army to Calais
- Charles and Henry agreed to march on France, but pursue own ambitions
- Henry captures Boulogne
- Charles makes peace with France through Treaty of Crépy
• 1545
- French fail to invade England and fail to recapture Boulogne
- Due to French incompetence, adverse winds and lack of base (e.g England had Calais)
• 1546
- Treaty of Ardres
- Henry keeps Boulogne, but if French pay pension of £200,000 Boulogne will be returned in 1554
- Henry’s foreign policy in Europe cost £2 million
When was the Treaty of Nice made?
- 1538
Explain what the Treaty of Nice was and when it was created
- 1538
- Between Charles V and Francis I
- Made peace
- Agreed to sever connections with England
By what year had Charles V and Francis I began fighting again?
- 1541
What agreement did Charles and Henry make in 1541?
- Agreed to invade France within 2 years
Who did Francis I ally with by 1541?
- Ottoman Turks
When did England invade France with Charles V?
- 1544
Explain what happened during the invasion of France in 1544
- Henry led army of 48,000 to Calais
- Henry and Charles agreed to march on Paris, but pursue own interests
- Henry captures Boulogne
- Charles makes peace with France through Treaty of Crépy
How many men did Henry lead in the invasion of France in 1544?
- 48,000
What were the effects of the invasion of France and the Treaty of Crépy?
- Henry captures Boulogne
- Henry claims triumph
- Treaty isolates England
- Francis I threatens to invade England
When did Francis I attempt to invade England?
- 1545
Explain what happened during the French invasion of England in 1545
- French fails invasion on England
- Due to incompetence, adverse winds and a lack of a base in England
- French fail to recapture Boulogne
When was the Treaty of Ardres made?
- 1546
What was agreed under the Treaty of Ardres?
- Henry allowed to keep Boulogne
- If French pay pension of £200,000 to England, Boulogne will be returned to France in 1554
What were the outcomes of Henry’s foreign policy with Charles and Francis?
- Henry arguably achieved more than Francis or Charles
- Cost £2 million from borrowing, monastic land and debasement of coinage
- Led to inflation which would continue for rest of Tudor dynasty
