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History Paper 1 > The Treaty of Versailles (CAT) > Flashcards

The Treaty of Versailles (CAT) Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June 1919

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2
Q

What is meant by the term diktat?

A
  • Dictated peace

* Germany had no option but to sign

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3
Q

What would happen if Germany didn’t sign the terms?

A

The Allies would continue the war

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4
Q

Territorial terms in treaty

A
  • 12.5% of land lost
  • Danzig was made a free city under the leagues control
  • the Saar was out under control of the league for 15 years, this limited Germany’s industry and coal production
  • Germany’s colonies in Africa were given as mandates to the League
  • the Rhineland was demilitarised
  • Germany was split into two by the Polish corridor
  • Alsace Lorraine given to France
  • Germany lost 16% of their coal and 48% of their steel
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5
Q

Military terms

A
  • Rhineland is demilitarised
  • army reduced to 100,000 men
  • navy reduced to 15,000 men and 6 battleships
  • no tanks, submarines or Air Force
  • conscription was not allowed
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6
Q

Responsibility terms/ reparations

A
  • article 231 was the war guilt clause
  • Germany took full responsibility for the war
  • £6.6 billion to allies in instalments every year
  • would take until 1988 to pay back
  • Anschluss with Austria was forbidden
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7
Q

How satisfied were the people of Britain with the treaty of versailles?

A
  • because of propaganda during the war, the British saw the Germans as barbarians they wanted revenge
  • they treated Lloyd George as a hero when he returned, however they believed it could have been harsher
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8
Q

How satisfied was Lloyd George with the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • he was happy with British empire gaining extra colonies and the German navy being restricted
  • he was concerned the territorial and money terms could lead to another war in years to come
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9
Q

How satisfied were the people of France with the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • French people wanted Germany to be punished severely
  • they were pleased about the demilitarisation of the Rhineland and the reparations
  • they were happy they gained the coal from the Saar helping their economy
  • many people felt the treaty was a let off for Germans so clemenceau was soon voted out
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10
Q

How satisfied was clemenceau with the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • he was angry that Germany were still allowed a small army
  • he thought the Rhineland should be taken away from Germany and made into a small powerless independent state
  • he felt France should be given the Saar permanently
  • he thought £6.6 billion was not enough
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11
Q

How satisfied were the people of USA with the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • they felt the treaty opposed the peace which their country was looking for
  • they thought USA should stay out of European politics as it did more harm than good
  • they believed that France and Britain had been made more powerful at Germany’s expense
  • the republicans used the treaty to criticise Wilson
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12
Q

How satisfied was Woodrow Wilson with the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • the republicans refused to ratify the treaty as it was not in America’s best interest
  • Wilson was devastated that USA couldn’t join the League of Nations
  • he was happy the league had been created but was annoyed that the majority of the fourteen points had been ignored
  • he died of a stroke in 1924
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13
Q

Why did Germany feel they should receive no punishment for the war

A

The kaiser who was responsible for the war had fled so Germany should receive no punishment

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14
Q

How did the Germans feel about the treaty?

A
  • they were shocked at how harsh it was
  • they hated that they had to accept responsibility for the war
  • many Germans were angry that they had been loved to live in different countries
  • Germany were humiliated by the treaty and lost their sense of pride
  • there were attempts to overthrow the Weimar Republic such as the communists and the kapp putsch
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15
Q

How can the treaty be seen as unfair

A
  • 6 million Germans were now living outside of Germany and feared prosecution
  • German families were forced off of their land as it was claimed by other countries
  • Germany felt vulnerable to other attacks
  • Germany were forced to accept blame for the war although it wasn’t just their fault
  • they had no say in the treaty
  • reparations crippled Germany
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16
Q

What was the significance of the treaty of Sevres?

A
  • turkey revolted against its harsh terms and it was overturned
  • this showed people like Mussolini and Hitler that the treaties could be overturned
  • the British overturned the treaty which undermined all other treaties
17
Q

In what ways was the treaty fair?

A
  • WW1 was the most devastating war ever it was right that the losing countries should pay for the damage
  • it was normal for the losers to agree to harsh terms.
  • when Russia withdrew Germany forced s treaty on them which suggests that Germany would have been even more harsh on the allies
  • Europe was falling apart so the peacemakers were under pressure and did the best they could
18
Q

Who were Germany’s allies in the war and what treaties did they recieve?

A
  • Austria- treaty of St Germain
  • Bulgaria- treaty of Neuilly
  • Hungary- treaty of Trianon
  • Turkey- treaty of Sevres
19
Q

What terms were enforced on Austria in the treaty of St Germain?

A
  • Austria lost land to Italy and Romania
  • land was taken to create the new states of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland
  • they had to pay reparations
  • 30,000 men in army
  • no conscription
  • no army
20
Q

What was the impact of the treaty of St Germain?

A
  • Italy felt they weren’t given enough land so were unhappy with the league
  • Austria’s economy soon collapsed in 1921
  • new states were a mix of nationalities that often clashed
  • Eastern Europe consisted of lists of new, small states instead of one powerful empire
21
Q

What were the terms of the the treaty of Neuilly on Bulgaria?

A
  • Bulgaria lost land to surrounding countries
  • £100million in reparations
  • army limited to 20,000
  • no conscription
  • no Air Force
  • four battleships in Navy
22
Q

What were the terms on Hungary in the treaty of Trianon?

A
  • lost land to neighbouring countries
  • agreed to reparations before the economy collapsed
  • 30,000 army
  • no conscription

Only allowed three patrol boats

23
Q

What were the terms on turkey in the treaty of Sevres?

A
  • lost land to Greece
  • the Turkish (ottoman) empire was split up
  • 50,000 army
  • Navy was restricted to 7 sail boats and 6 torpedo boats
  • turkey lost important waterways that connected the Black Sea and the Mediterranean
  • the allies were allowed to keep troops in turkey
24
Q

Impacts of the treaty of Sevres?

A
  • the people of turkey were so furious they revolted and overthrew the government
  • the new president threatened to fight the allies over the treaty
  • the allies weren’t prepared for war so settled on the Treaty of Lausanne
25
Q

Terms in the treaty of Lausanne?

A
  • some land from Greece was regained
  • control of the important waterways was regained
  • the fight to decide how big their armed forces were was regained
  • reparations were cancelled
  • allied troops were withdrawn from turkey
26
Q

What were France and Clemenceau’s aims in the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • punishment and revenge
  • protection- reduction of Germany’s armed forces and power
  • recover losses and reparations
27
Q

What were the main aims of Woodrow Wilson and USA in the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • self determination
  • start the League of Nations
  • stop future wars
28
Q

What were the main aims of Britain and Lloyd George in the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • revenge and and reparations for the British people
  • retain Naval supremacy
  • retain a trade relationship with Germany
  • reduces the German empire, preserve the British empire
  • reduces risk of another war

History Paper 1 (10 decks)

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