the three estates - ancien regime Flashcards
1st estate are
the clergy
pop of france by 1780s
27 milliiom
out of france’s 27 million population how many were 1st estate clergy
approx 150,000
what taxes did the clergy not pay
the taille or the vingtienne
what did peasants pay directly to the clergy
the tithe
how much of a peasant’s yearly income was the tithe
1/10
clergy owned ? of law
courts
the clergy were main platform of communication why
they spread word fron pulpit especially useful for those who couldnt read
2 things clergy controlled
teaching and censorship
how much land did 1st estate own despite being 150,000/ 27,000,000
owned 1/10 of land
stats to do with clergy 1/10
tithe - tax paid by peasants to church which was 1/10 of their yearly income
1/10 = proportion of land they owned
2 forms of corruption within the church
absenteeism and pluralism
what is pluralism
the practice of holding more than one ecclesiastical office at a time
why did first estate not mean everyone within it benefitted
only positions at top rlly benefitted - bishops cardinals archbishops - all of these positions cld only be obtain from ppl who came from nobility / fams in nob
example of why priests suffered whilt bishops didnt
don gratuit
what church paid instead of tax
lump sum every 5 years
priests had to pay for half of it despite earning significantly less than their superiors
2nd estate were
the nobility
number of those within 2nd estate in 1780s
200,000-400,000
jobs that only nobility cld obtain
ambassadors, ministers, highest offices in church
what taxes were the nobility exempt from
taille
lorvee
paid minimised vingtienne
seigneurs
had monopolies over local communities
controlled wine presses so wld charge banalites to peasants wanting to make wine
examples of banalitEs
wine press, ovens
in some regions seigneurs would allow no one else to own male pigs and cattle so that they could charge a breeding fee
seigneurs cld ? and ? but peasants couldn t
hunt and fish
how much land did the nobles own
between 1/4 - 1/5
2 types of nobles
of the sword
of the robe
of the robe ? it and nobles of sword the ? ones
nobles of robe bought it
sword old ones
nickname for desperate countryside nobles of sword
hoberaux
groups within the 3rd estate
bourgeoisie
urban workers
peasants
bad life for peasants land fact
only had enough land for farming to harvest food for themselves and their family
had to borrow equipment to farm often
