The thoracic cavity, and lungs Flashcards
what are the layers of the lung pleura?
Visceral pleura
Pleural cavity
Parietal cavity
what are the features of lung pleura?
continuous with each other, and attached to mediastinum by root of lungs
what are the features of the pleural cavity?
Potential space in the lining
Filled with serous fluid
friction-free environment
Movement of lungs without pain
what is the function of serous fluid in the pleural cavity?
only a small amount of fluid in the pleural cavity
- just enough to provide no friction
what is the interpleural pressure?
Negative interpleura pressure which hold the parietal and visceral pleurae together
what are the subclasifications of the perietal pleura?
Cervical
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Meidastinal
where is the cervical parietal pleura?
Extends above the superior thoracic aperture
where is the costal parietal pleura?
Inner surface of the thoracic wall
where is the diaphragmatic parietal pleura?
Upper surface of the diaphragm
where is the mediastinal parietal pleura?
Lateral surface of mediastinum
what forms pleural recesses?
In normal respiration the lungs don’t fill the whole thoracic cavity
- the parietal pleura still lines the cavity
-the visceral pleura still on the lung surface
what are the 2 pleural recesses?
Costodiaphragmatic
Costomediastinal
where is the costomediastinal pleural recess?
Between the costal pleura and mediastinal pleura
what is the gross anatomy of the lung?
-Non-symmetrical, cone-shaped
-Apex shaped, superior “tip” is deep to the clavicle, above the first rib
the base of the lung in concave in shape as it sites above the diaphragm
The mediastinal surface has a concave impression to accomidate the lung (bigger onthe left side)
Has a root and a Hilum
has a pulmoary ligament
what is within the root of the lung?
Structures that enter/exit the lung and pleura
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Primary bronchii
what are the features of the pulmonary arteries?
Superior, deoxygenated blood
what are the features of the pulmonary veins?
Inferior, oxygenated blood
what are the primary bronchii?
Posterior, cartilage
what is the hilum of the lung?
-Depression of the medial surface of the lung
- Area on the lung where the structures forming the lung root enter the mediastinal surface fo the lungs
what covers the lung root?
The root is overed by a sleeve of mediastinal pleura that reflects into the surface of the lung as visceral pleura
what is the pulmonary ligament?
a double layer of pleura inferior to the root
what is the function of the pulmonary ligament?
Accommodate the superior-inferior translation of the lung root during breathing
- the lung root moves up and down
how many lobes do each lung have?
Right has 3 lobes
- superior
- middle
- inferior
Left has 2 lobes
- Superior
- Inferior
what are the lung fissures?
Right lung
- Oblique and horzontal fissures
Left lung
- Oblique fissure
what are the other distinguishing features of the lungs?
Cardiac impression is larger of the left lung
The right lung is shorter to accommodate for the liver
what are the features of the lobe segments?
have different tertiary bronchi running into them
Separated from one another by connective tissue layers
Distinct blood and air supply
Surgically resectable
- can be removed without impacting the function of the rest of the lung
what are the functions of the bronchial arteries?
Blood supply to lung tissue AND visceral pleura
- does not participate in gas exchange
where do the bronchial arteries stem from?
The thoracic aorta
- two left bronchial arteries
- single right bronchial artery (may arise from posterior intercostal
what is the bronchial venous circuit?
-bronchial veins drain lungs of blood supplied by the bronchial arteries
- contains deoxygenated blood
what is the pulmonary venous circuit?
Pulmonary veins drain the lungs of blood supplied by the pulmonary artery
- contains oxygenated blood
what are the bronchial veins?
Drain the larger bronchi, visceral pleura and area of the lung near the hilum
where do the bronchial veins drain?
into the deep system
- into pulmonary veins or left atrium
what is the superficial venous lung system?
-Azygos vein
-Accessory hemiazygos vein
-hemiazygos vein
what is the trachealis muscle?
Smooth muscle
Runs longitudinally
Decreases the diameter
how does decreasing the diameter of the trachealis muscle help is breathing?
regulation of the diameter increases the lung pressure and helps with coughing
what makes up the trachea?
16-20 C-shaped rings
- hyaline cartilage
- prevents collapse
- “Open” posteriorly - esophagus
what are the features of the primary bronchi?
Left and right
Part of lung root
Enter the lung at the hilum
what are the features of the secondary bronchi?
secondary bronchi
on in each lobe
- 3 on the right
- 2 on the left
what are the features of the tertiary bronchi?
one supplying each lobe segment
- lung segments that operate independently pf each other.
where are foreign bodies most likely to enter the lungs?
Foreign bodies are morel likely to pass into the right side due to the orientation of the primary bronchi
