the Third Reich (13) Flashcards
What does SA stand for in the context of the Nazi regime?
SA = brownshirts, Nazi’s private army, run by Ernst Rohm
The SA was not official until Hitler’s rise to power and comprised younger men who engaged in violence against socialists and Jews.
What was the role of the SS in Nazi Germany?
SS = Hitler’s personal bodyguards, ran concentration camps
The SS played a crucial role in the enforcement of Nazi policies and the execution of the Holocaust.
What historiographical shift occurred regarding the perception of Nazi Germany’s support?
Postwar emphasis on coercion shifted to implicating ordinary Germans in support of the regime
The 1960s and 70s saw a focus on ordinary Germans’ approval, suggesting a mix of coercion and consent.
Define Volksgemeinschaft.
Racially defined German people’s community based on ‘blood and race’
The concept emphasized the exclusion of those labeled as ‘racially unfit’ and promoted a sense of Aryan pride.
What were some policies that contributed to the building of Volksgemeinschaft?
- Foreign policy successes (e.g. Rearmament 1935, Remilitarization of Rhineland 1936, Anschluss 1938)
- Economic upswing
- Nazi work creation schemes
- Hitler Youth (HJ) and Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM)
- Kraft durch Freude (Strength through Joy)
These policies aimed to foster a sense of unity and pride among the German populace.
How did the Nazi regime indoctrinate youth?
Through organizations like Hitler Youth and mandatory membership for boys in 1933
The HJ grew from 100,000 members in January 1933 to 7 million by 1940.
how many members did the HJ (Hitler youth Movement) have in Jan and Dec 1933?
Jan - 100k
Dec - 2 million
What role did propaganda play in Nazi Germany?
Communicated Nazi messages through art, music, film, radio, books, and press
Joseph Goebbels was the Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945.
What percentage of public school teachers had joined the National Socialist Teachers League by 1936?
97%
Fill in the blank: The Nazis targeted those socially disadvantaged, termed _______.
[asocial]
The definition of ‘asocial’ was vague and used to stigmatize a variety of non-normative behaviors.
What were the Nuremberg Race Laws?
Laws that included the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour
These laws were enacted on September 15, 1935, to institutionalize racial discrimination.
What was the significance of the November Pogrom?
State-sanctioned anti-Jew riots leading to destruction and looting of Jewish properties
It resulted in the internment of 26,000 Jewish men in concentration camps.
When was the November Pogrom?
1938
When was the first Nazi concentration camp opened and what was it called?
22 March 1933
Dachau
How many Jewish people were murdered and sent to concentration camps due to the November Pogrom?
91 murdered
26k sent to camps
What was the outcome of the Evian Conference?
Most countries, including the US and Britain, offered excuses for not accepting more refugees
Approximately 300,000 Jews managed to emigrate, leaving over 200,000 in Germany before WWII.
When was the Evian Conference?
July 1938
True or False: The Nazi regime was solely built on fear and violence.
False
Many people supported the regime because they believed it offered a brighter future and societal benefits.
What was the Fuhrer paradox in Nazi propaganda?
Hitler was portrayed as both ‘man of the people’ and a unique ‘genius’ predestined to lead
This duality contributed to the cult of personality surrounding him.
What was the impact of Nazi policies on women?
Women were encouraged to stay at home and focus on family, with deteriorating working conditions
The regime promoted traditional gender roles as part of its social policies.
Fill in the blank: The Nazi regime’s unemployment statistics did not include _______.
[Jews, disabled]
This exclusion was part of the broader strategy to present a favorable image of the regime’s economic policies.
What was the role of conscription in Nazi Germany?
Reintroduced as a violation of the Treaty of Versailles, leading to army expansion
This was part of Hitler’s rearmament strategy leading up to WWII.
