The Thigh Flashcards
The deep fascia of the thigh
Facia lata
The three compartments of the thigh
Anterior, medial, posterior
The anterior compartment is generally innervated by which nerve?
Femoral nerve
The medial compartment is generally innervated by which nerve?
Obturator nerve
The posterior compartment is generally innervated by which nerve?
Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
The pectineus muscle has a dual nerve supply. T/F?
T
Obturator nerve and femoral nerve
Actions of the pectineus muscle
Adducts and flexes thigh;
Assists medial rotation of thigh
The chief flexor of the thigh
Iliopsoas muscle
The only muscle attached to the vertebral column, pelvis, and femur
Iliopsoas muscle
Tailor’s muscle
Sartorius
Longest muscle of the body
Sartorius
The sartorius acts across two joints. T/F?
T
Actions of the sartorius
Flexes, abducts (weak) and laterally rotates (weak) thigh;
Flexes knee
None of the actions of the sartorius is strong; therefore it is mainly a synergist, acting with other thigh muscles. T/F?
T
The quadriceps femoris muscles
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis
The great extensor of the leg
Quadiceps femoris
Structure where the four parts of the quadriceps femoris unite in the distal thigh
Quadriceps tendon
The continuation of the quadriceps tendon in which the patella is embeded
Patellar ligament
The distal attachment of the medial and lateral vastus muscle independent of the patella
Medial and lateral patellar retinacula
The only part of the quardiceps femoris that crosses the hip joint
Rectus femoris muscle
Rectus femoris muscle extends the knee best when the hip is flexed. T/F
F
The ability of the rectus femoris to extend the knee is compromised when the hip is flexed.
Kicking muscle
Rectus femoris
Articularis genu is derived from which muscle
Vastus intermedialis
Structure the articularis genu pulls superiorly during extension of the leg.
Synovial membrane
Which part of the adductor group is innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve?
Hamstring part of the adductor magnus
Most anterior of the adductor group
Adductor longus
The obturator nerve passes through the obturator canal to enter the medial compartment of the thigh. T/F
T
The adductor brevis can be identified by which nerve that divided to run anterior and posterior to it?
Obturator nerve
The anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve in the medial compartment pass anterior and posterior to this muscle
Adductor brevis
Largest, most powerful and most posterior muscle in the adductor group
Adductor magnus
Two parts of the adductor magnus
Adductor part, hamstring part.
In the push-off phase of the gait cycle, the muscles most active is?
Anterior compartment muscles
Muscles with pes anserinus as a common distal tendinous insertion
Gracilis, Sartorius, Semitendinosus
An orthopedic surgeon is about to operate on the lateral side of a patient’s thigh. What structure will he find underneath the skin and the iliotibial tract?
Vastus lateralis
When the patella is traumatically dislocated laterally, which structure is torn?
Medial patellar retinaculum
The common tendinous insertion of semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius
Pes anserinus
This muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve.
a. gracilis
b. pectineus
c. obturator externus
d. adductor longus
B
The saphenous nerve
a. innervates the pes anserinus tendon
b. innervates the vastus lateralis
c. is the terminal branch of the obturator nerve
d. continuation of the femoral nerve
D
These 2 muscles have distal attachments to the iliotibial tract
a. gluteous medius and minimus
b. rectus femoris and vastus lateralis
c. gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae
d. sartorius and gracilis
C
Actions of gracilis
Flexes knee,
Adducts thigh,
Medially rotates leg when knee is flexed
Mara complained of soreness in the medial side of her proximal thigh after several hours of horseback riding. What muscle could have been stretched?
a. biceps fermoris
b. iliopsoas
c. adductor longus
d. tensor fascia latae
C
Godrey joined a sports activity and ran in the 100m sprint. In the process he sustained torn hamstrings. He would feel the pain in the area of the
a. ischial tuberosity
b. greater trochanter
c. anterior knee
d. iliac crest
A
Anteromedial dynamic stabilizer of the knee
Pes anserinus
The anterior compartment of the leg:
a. contains the peroneal artery
b. contains muscles for dorsiflexion
c. is bounded by anterior and posterior interosseous structures
d. contains peroneus brevis in the distal portion
B
Although the adductor muscles are important in many activities, a 70% of reduction of their function results only to a slight to moderate impairment of hip function. T/F
T
Which adductor has an hiatus?
Adductor magnus
Which structures are transmitted by the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery and vein
Weakest member of the adductor group
Gracilis muscle
A man was injured in his femoral triangle and could no longer extend his knee. What structure was most likely injured?
A. Femoral nerve
B. Obturator nerve
C. Sciatic nerve
A
The femoral artery and vein are transmitted by the adductor hiatus from which structure of the thigh to which structure of the leg?
Adductor canal to popliteal fossa
Lateral border of the femoral triangle
Sartorius muscle
Medial border of the femoral triangle
Adductor longus
Superior border of the femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament
Contents of the femoral triangle
Femoral nerve and femoral sheath with femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes
Which is found lateral to the adductor canal?
A. Iliotibial tract
B. Vastus medialis
C. Femur
D. Sartorius muscle
B
The largest branch of the lumbar plexus
Femoral nerve
The terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve
Saphenous nerve
The saphenous nerve becomes superficial by passing between the sartorius and gracilis when the femoral vessels transverse the adductor hiatus at the distal end of the canal. T/F
T
The femoral nerve passes thru the muscular compartment of the retro-inguinal space with which structure?
Ilopsoas muscle
Which structures from the femoral sheath
The inferior prolongation of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdomen
Three compartments of the femoral sheath
Lateral, intermediate, medial
Content of the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath
Femoral artery
Content of the intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath
Femoral vein
Which compartment of the femoral sheath is the femoral canal
Medial
Primary artery of the lower limb
Femoral artery
The femoral artery is the continuation of which artery?
External iliac artery
When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
When it enters the femoral triangle
The femoral vein is the continuation of which vein?
Popliteal vein
The deep femoral vein is formed by the union of which veins?
Perforating veins
What is found posterior to the adductor canal
Adductor longus and adductor magnus
The adductor canal is between which openings?
Femoral triangle and adductor hiatus
The groove that separates the buttocks from each other
Intergluteal clef (natal clef)
The sacroiliac ligament is continuous inferiorly with which ligament?
Sacrotuberous ligament
Which structure extend across the sciatic notch, turning it into a sciatic foramen?
Sacrotuberous ligament
The structure that divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
Sacrospinuous ligament
The greater sciatic foramen is the passageway for structures entering or leaving the perineum. T/F
F
It is the passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis.
The lesser sciatic foramen is the passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis. T/F
F.
It is the passageway for structures entering or leaving the perineum.
The muscles of the superficial layer of the gluteal region all have proximal attachments to the posterolateral surface and margin of the alla of the ilium. T/F
T
The muscles of the deep layer of the gluteal region all have distal attachments on or adjacent to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur. T/F
T
Most superficial gluteal muscle
Gluteus maximus
The largest, heaviest, and most coarsely fibered muscle in the body
Gluteus maximus
You sit on your gluteus maximus. T/F
F
You sit on the fatty fibrous tissue and the ischial bursa that lie between the ischial tuberosity and the skin
Muscle that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen
Piriformis muscle
Muscles primarily responsible for absorbing jarring shock of heel strike
Quadriceps femoris
The quadriceps femoris contracts eccentrically during walking uphill and climbing stairs. T/F
F
It contracts eccentrically during downhill and descending stairs.