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Lower extremity > Bones of the lower limb > Flashcards

Bones of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many phalanges does the great toe have?

A

Two

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2
Q

Which digits of the toe have three phalanges?

A

All except the great toe

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3
Q

The final orientation of the lower limbs when completely developed

A

Medially rotated, permanently pronated

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4
Q

Body weight is transferred from the vertebral column to the pelvic girdle through which structures?

A

Sacroiliac joints

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5
Q

Body weight is transferred from the pelvic girdle to the femur through which structures?

A

Hip joint

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6
Q

Orientation of the femur to support erect bipedal posture

A

Oblique, inferomedially oriented

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7
Q

The femurs of females are slightly less oblique than those of males, reflecting the greater width of their pelves. T/F

A

F

Females have more oblique femurs, reflecting the greater width of their pelves.

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8
Q

Bone that transfers weight from knee joint to ankle joint

A

Tibia

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9
Q

Function of the fibula

A

Provides muscle attachment

Contributes to formation of the ankle joint

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10
Q

Which bone distributes weight evenly between the heel and the forefoot when standing, creating a flexible but stable platform to support the body ?

A

Talus

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11
Q

How many secondary centers of ossification appear later in the development of the hip?

A

5

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12
Q

Type of cartilage that joins the three hip bones at birth

A

Hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

When do the two parts of the ischiopubic rami fuse?

A

9th year

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14
Q

Age when hip bones begin to fuse

A

15 to 17

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15
Q

Age when fusion of hip bones is complete

A

20 to 25

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16
Q

Little or no trace of the lines of fusion of the primary bones of the hip is visible in older adults. T/F

A

T

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17
Q

The largest bone of the pelvis

A

Ilium

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18
Q

The part of the pelvic bone on which the weight of the body rests when sitting

A

Ischial tuberosity

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19
Q

The posteroinferior part of the pelvis

A

Ischium

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20
Q

The anteromedial part of the pelvis

A

Pubis

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21
Q

The obturator foramen is closed by the thin strong obturator membrane. T/F

A

T

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22
Q

The ASIS is palpable even in obese people. T/F

A

T

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23
Q

The technical term for sakang or bow-legged

A

Genu varum

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24
Q

The technical term for Pike or knock-knee

A

Genu valgum

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25
Q

The iliac crest is palpable in obese people. T/F

A

F

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26
Q

The area over the dimple of your buttocks

A

PSIS

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27
Q

Which part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum?

A

Head of the femur

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28
Q

Longest and heaviest bone of the body

A

Femur

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29
Q

The angle of inclination is least at birth. T/F

A

F

It is greatest at birth, becoming more acute in adulthood.

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30
Q

The angle of inclination is greater in females because of the wider lesser pelvis. T/F

A

F

Angle of inclination is less in females for greater mobility of femur at hip joint for giving birth.

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31
Q

When your hands are on your hips, on which bony landmark do they rest?

A

Iliac crest

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32
Q

Which is easier to palpate, the anterior third of the iliac crest or its posterior two-thirds?

A

Anterior third

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33
Q

At which position is the ASIS easier to palpate? And why?

A

When sitting; the muscles attached to them are relaxed

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34
Q

Bony marker for the widest point of the iliac crest

A

Iliac tubercle

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35
Q

The skin dimples that mark the PSIS are useful areas for palpating the sacroiliac joints in search of edema or local tenderness. T/F

A

T

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36
Q

The PSIS portion of the iliac crest is the source of bone marrow and pieces of bone for graphs. T/F

A

T

37
Q

The ischial tuberosity is easily palpated when the thigh is extended. T/F

A

F

It is when the thigh is flexed, as in sitting.

38
Q

The prominences of the great trocanter is normally responsible for the width of the adult pelvis. T/F

A

T

39
Q

When you lie on your side on a hard surface, the discomfort caused by the pressure of the bone on the skin is due to which part of the limb bones?

A

The greater trochanter

40
Q

The second largest bone in the body

A

Tibia

41
Q

Which is lateral: tibia or fibula?

A

Fibula

42
Q

Which structure attaches the fibula to the tibia?

A

Tibiofibular syndemosis

43
Q

The prominence on the medial side of the ankle

A

Medial malleolus

44
Q

The prominence on the lateral side of the ankle

A

Lateral malleolus

45
Q

How many tarsal bones, metatarsal bones and phalanges in a foot?

A

7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, 14 phalanges

46
Q

The seven tarsus

A

Talus (1), calcaneus (1), cuboid (1), navicular (1), cuniform (3)

47
Q

Which bone of the tarsus articulates with the leg bone

A

Talus

48
Q

The only tarsal bone with no muscular nor tendinous attachments

A

Talus

49
Q

Largest and strongest bone in the foot

A

Calcaneous

50
Q

Which structure covers most of the surface of the talus?

A

Articular cartilage

51
Q

Which bone articulates with the talus and the cuboid?

A

Calcaneous

52
Q

The most lateral bone in the distal row of the tarsus

A

Cuboid

53
Q

Which cuneiform bone is the largest?

A

Medial cuneiform

54
Q

Which cuneiform bone is the smallest?

A

Intermediate cuneiform

55
Q

The longest metatarsal bone

A

Second metatarsal

56
Q

Pelvic fractures are fractures of the hip bone. T/F

A

T

57
Q

The term “hip fractures” is most commonly applied to fractures of the femoral, head, neck, or trochanters. T/F

A

T

58
Q

Fracture when a small part of bone with a piece of a tendon or ligament attached is torn away

A

Avulsion fractures

59
Q

Avulsion fractures occur where muscles are attached. T/F

A

T

60
Q

Some areas where avulsion fractures occur are the anterior superior and inferior iliac spines, ischial tuberosities, and ischopubic rami. T/F

A

T

61
Q

What is coxa valga?

A

The increase in the angle of inclination of the femur

62
Q

What is coxa vara?

A

The decrease in the angle of inclination of the femur

63
Q

Coxa valga causes a mild shortening of the lower limb and limits passive abduction of the hip. T/F

A

F

Coxa vara causes that.

64
Q

Why is the neck of the femur most frequently fractured?

A

Because it is the narrowest and weakest part of the bone and it lies at a marked angle to the line of weight-bearing/ pull of gravity.

65
Q

Muscles that attach to the linea aspera of the femur

A

Adductor muscles, biceps femoris short head

66
Q

The only muscle of the adductor group that crosses both knee joint and hip joint

A

Gracilis muscle

67
Q

Which muscle inserts into the adductor tubercle?

A

Adductor magnus

68
Q

The adductor tubercle is found on which part of the femur?

A

Medial condyle

69
Q

Why are bursae are located in areas subject to friction?

A

To reduce friction and permit free movement

70
Q

The bursae that separates superior fibers of the gluteus maximus from the greater trochanter

A

Trochanteric bursa

71
Q

Largest bursa formed in relation to bony prominences and is present at birth

A

Trochanteric bursa

72
Q

Bursa separating the inferior part of the gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity and is often absent

A

Ischial bursa

73
Q

Bursa separating the iliotibial tract from the superior part of the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis

A

Gluteofemoral bursa

74
Q

The acetabular labrum adds depth to the acetabulum. T/F

A

T

75
Q

The posterior part of the femoral capsule

A

Ischio-femoral ligament

76
Q

The anterior part of the femoral capsule

A

Ilio-femoral ligament

77
Q

The main blood supply of the femoral head in the adult is from the

A. deep circumflex iliac artery
B. obturator artery
C. medial femoral circumflex artery
D. lateral femoral circumflex artery

A

C

78
Q

The piriformis muscle exits the pelvis through this foramen

A

Greater sciatic foramen

79
Q

The obturator internus exits the perineum through this foramen

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

80
Q

The adductor hiatus is found between these two distal attachments of the adductor magnus

A

Linea aspera and adductor tuberosity

81
Q

Opening through which the obturator internus exits

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

82
Q

This structure connects the iliotibial tract to the femur

A

Lateral intermuscular septum

83
Q

How many bones are there in the pelvic girdle?

A

6

Two innominate bones, with each innominate bone is composed of three bones

84
Q

How many types of articulations are there in the pelvic girdle?

A

2

Syndemosis and symphysis

85
Q

The articulation of the fibula and tibia

A

Distal and proximal tibio-fibular joint

86
Q

The notch separating the condyles of the femur

A

Interchondylar notch

87
Q

The quadriceps tendon inserts on which part of the tibia?

A

Tibial tubercle

88
Q

Calcaneal tendon is also known as Achilles tendon. T/F

A

T

89
Q

The most powerful tendon in the body

A

Calcaneous tendon (Achilles tendon)

Lower extremity (5 decks)

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