The theoretical theory of Wundt and James Flashcards
Wilhelm Wundt
1850-1900
Challenged the theory of association: mental processes = association (passive processes) + apperception (active processes, executive control)
apperception is missing, experimental approach and Non-experimental approach
Apperception
executive control, active processes. Mental processes proceed via association and non-associative mechanism (=apperception)
The process of understanding something perceived in terms of previous experience (introspection)
J. Catell
1850-1900
reading goes faster than naming colours
Wundt: frequency distributions of reaction times
Reflexive (automatic)
Apperceptive (attentive)
Mixed (natural distribution)
Experimental approach
Wundt: using introspection and measurement of reaction time (Donders)
Non-experimental approach
using comparitive research and logical analysis for complex mental processes
Ebbinghaus
1850-1900
nonsense syllables, forgetting curve. The rate of forgetting decreases with time
G. Müller (1850-1900)
Consolidation: explanation of retroactive memory interference, the forgetting curve, retrograde amnesia
Hall
1850-1900
Child study movement
Ribot
Ribot’s law: memory consolidation by the hippocampus
Alzheimer’s disease
1950-now
impairment in declarative memory in temporal lobe
Parkinson’s disease
1950-now
procedural memory in basal ganglia and frontal lobe
Depression
1950-now
emotional memory in amygdala impaired
Külpe & Watt
1900-1950
Directed association: mental set and imageless thought
mental set
in their introspections, the task instruction steers someone into an appropriate response
Imageless thought
on many trials, there were no mental images mediating the response
Posner and Raichle
1950-now
using of PET brain imaging. Blood flow increase in anterior cingulate cortex in Stroop task. Dorsal cognitive and ventral emotional
G. Müller vs. Selz
Müller: associative theory of goal-directed association
Selz: symbolic/procedural theory of goal directed association. IF-THEN rules
Selz
1900-1950
symbolic/procedural theory of goal directed association. IF-THEN rules
Miller and Cohen
1950-now
theory similar to Müller about associative theory
Roelofs
1950-now
Proposed a theory similar to Selz
W. James
1850-1900
selective attention and habit: refers to executive control and the strongest association. Selective attention has a survival value
Selective attention
helps us steer our behavior in accordance with our goals
Habits
they allow for fast responding at low metabolic costs
Mary Calkins
1850-1900
paired associations
Posner and Rothbart
1950-now three networks for attention: - Alerting: reach and maintain attention - Orienting: move focus - Executive control: goal-direct & respond
Titchener
1900-1950
Structuralism
Structuralism
structural content of the mind. Tried to reduce consciousness by instrospection
Angell
1900-1950
Functionalism
Functionalism
mental operations and their neurobiological underpinnings
Robert Woodworth
1900-1950
Columbia bible
Independent and dependent variables
Herbert Simon
1950-now
return to introspection: tower of Hanoi and tower of London in clinics.
return to Selz: control by procedural knowledge
John Stroop
1900-1950
color-word tasks for studying executive control.
Most difficult in reading words in wrong color
