The decline and return of consciousness in theory

Question 1

Lightner Witmer

Answer 1

1900-1950

beginning of clinical psychology

Question 2

Hugo Münsterberg

Answer 2

1900-1950

Founder of forensic Psychology

Question 3

Edward Thorndike

Answer 3

1900-1950
Educational psychology
Law of effect, operant conditioning (underlies addiction)

Question 4

Sigmund Freud

Answer 4

1900-1950
Consciousness plays moderate role in the mind
- Ego, Id and Superego: Ego and Superego try to keep Id in check
free associations and dream analysis

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

wholly unconsciously, pleasure principle

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

partly conscious, reality principle

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

partly conscious, moral principle

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

1900-1950

Consciousness dissapears from view: psychology is the science of behavior

Question 9

John Watson

Answer 9

1900-1950
Continuity hypothesis
Little Albert

Question 10

Continuity hypothesis

Answer 10

By Watson: behavioral laws hold for both non-human animals and humans, learning principles

Question 11

Pavlov

Answer 11

1900-1950
Classical conditioning (emotions = amygdala)

Question 12

Law of effect

Answer 12

Reinforced behavior is repeated whereas punished behavior is not. In basal Ganglia, dopamine provides learning signal (operant conditioning underlies addiction)

Question 13

Clark Hull

Answer 13

1900-1950

hypothetico-deductive method

Question 14

Hypothetico-deductive method

Answer 14

Deriving predictions by means of mathematics from theoretical hypotheses 
A = H x D
Action readiness
Habit strength
Drive strength

Question 15

Edward Tolman

Answer 15

1900-1950
Decline of behaviorism, rats in mazes: cognitive maps (stored in hippocampus) -> place learners and response learners. Learning without motivation and thought

Question 16

Skinner

Answer 16

1900-1950
continued the defense of behaviorism
Denying free will

Question 17

Dahaene

Answer 17

1950-now
No consciousness without attention. There is a global workspace (central system), this is conscious and connected to specialized systems > perceptual systems (input modules) and motor systems (output modules) and attention system (central system).
Subliminal priming of reactions is attention-dependent
Preconscious information can become conscious through attention
neural network

Question 18

Neural network

Answer 18

global workspace theory of consciousness as a computer model

Question 19

Dennet

Answer 19

1950-now

Cartesian theatre criterion: theory of consciousness should not contain a homunculus

Question 20

Wundt and James

Answer 20

1850-1900

psychology is the science of consciousness

Question 21

Wundt (consciousness theory)

Answer 21

1850-1900
There is a wide field of conscious awareness: Blickfeld (wide field of conscious awareness) and Blickpunkt (limited to a field of focus)

Question 22

Mindfulness training

Answer 22

1950-now

Beneficial to mental health symptoms and disorders