The Terror March 1793-July 1794

Question 1

When did the Vendée Rebellion begin?

Answer 1

March 1793

Question 2

How many troops had to be withdrawn from the front line to fight the Vendée rebels?

Answer 2

30,000

Question 3

When was the Revolutionary Tribunal established?

Answer 3

10th March 1793

Question 4

What was the role of the Revolutionary Tribunal?

Answer 4

To try and execute those suspected of being counter-revolutionaries

Question 5

Why was Dumouriez’s defection in April 1793 significant?

Answer 5

1. He was an imporatant general in the army

2. The Girondins had given him a lot of support, so they were now scapegoated for the War going badly

Question 6

When was the CPS founded?

Answer 6

6th April 1793

Question 7

What was the role of the CPS?

Answer 7

The CPS was a panel of individuals chosen by the Convention that ruled as a dictatorship, overseeing war and justice and being able to act faster to threats than the Convention.

Question 8

What was a restraint on the CPS’ power?

Answer 8

The Convention had to vote to renew the CPS each month

Question 9

When were the ‘representatives-on-mission’ established?

Answer 9

9th April 1793

Question 10

What was the role of the ‘representatives-on-mission’?

Answer 10

To go out into to provinces and settle unrest with brutality, so as to make sure that conscription continued at a fast pace.

Question 11

When were the Girondins purged from the Convention and by whom?

Answer 11

The sans-culottes stormed the Convention on 2nd June 1793 and several Girondins were arrested

Question 12

When was the new Constitution proclaimed?

Answer 12

24th June 1793, though it was never implemented

Question 13

When was Marat killed and what were the consequences?

Answer 13

13th July 1793
Charlotte Corday was a Girondin sympathiser so this was bad for the Girondins
Marat became a martyr and this fulled the killing of many more counter-revolutionaries

Question 14

When did Robespierre join the CPS?

Answer 14

27th July 1793

Question 15

When was ‘levée en masse’ introduced and what did this mean?

Answer 15

23rd August 1793

Each department had to give a set number of soldiers to go to the front

Question 16

When was Toulon taken by the British and what were the consequences?

Answer 16

27th August 1793

It was a major defeat for the French as the enemy was now on French soil

Question 17

What did the sans-culottes ask the Convention to do on 5th September 1793?

Answer 17

Declare Terror the order of the day

Question 18

When was the General Maximum on prices introduced, who wanted it and what were the consequences?

Answer 18

29th September 1793
Roux and the sans-culottes
Meant that essential goods had to be sold at a specific price, but the price of grain was often under the cost of production, so peasants became poorer and poorer

Question 19

When was the Republican calendar adopted and what did this mean?

Answer 19

5th October 1793
10 days a week
Wanted to get rid of the notion of ‘Sunday’ so Catholics could not hold Mass

Question 20

When was the federalist revolt crushed in Lyon and what were the consequences?

Answer 20

9th October 1793

Rebels are brutally executed by cannons outside the city by ‘representatives-on-mission’

Question 21

When was Marie Antoinette executed and why was this symbolic?

Answer 21

16th October 1793

She was the scapegoat of the Revolution and represented aristocratic power

Question 22

When were the Girondins executed and what was the significance?

Answer 22

31st October 1793

Robespierre was purging the Convention of his political opponents

Question 23

What was the Law of 14 Frimaire (4th December 1793)?

Answer 23

It established revolutionary government and centralised power around the CPS

Question 24

When did Toulon fall to the Convention’s forces?

Answer 24

19th December 1793

Question 25

Which political group was executed in March 1794?

Answer 25

The Hébertists, including Roux, showing RP had now turned opn his own friends and supporters

Question 26

Which political group was executed in April 1794?

Answer 26

The Dantonists, including Desmoulins

Question 27

When was the Festival of the Supreme Being and what were the consequences?

Answer 27

8th June 1794

Robespierre was seen as mad, as he saw himself as a god

Question 28

What did the Law of 22 Prairial begin (10th June 1794) and what did this mean?

Answer 28

The ‘Great Terror’
Meant that no witnesses could be called at trial and that judgements had to be made by the conscience of the jurors rather than evidence