The Terror Flashcards
when was Louis executed?
21 January 1793
Key factors contributing to Louis’ execution?
Armoire de fer September massacres Public voting War failures Economic situation
When was the armoire de for discovered?
20 December 1792
When were the September massacres and what caused them?
2-6 December 1792
Caused by the siege of Verdun causing panic in Paris
When did the War of the First Coalition start?
March 1793
When did Lafayette defect?
August 1792
When does Dumoriez defect and why?
In April 1792 after he is defeated at Neerwinden, causing him to agree with the Austrians to march on Paris and dissolve the Convention, although his army wouldn’t follow him so he was forced to defect
What effect did Dumoriez’s defection have on the Convention?
Heightened suspicion of the Girondins as they had backed him
What caused the Vendee rebellion?
A levy of 300,000 troops in March 1793
The sale of church land causing higher rents
When did the Vendee happen and when did they take Choulet?
March 1793
14 March
When did the Convention send an army of 100,000 and when did they crush the rebellion?
6 September after an army of 30,000 failed
Crushed by December
When was the CGS established?
October 1792
When were representants en mission established, and how many were there?
March 1793
83
When was the Revolutionary Tribunal established
March 1793
When was the CPS established?
April 1793
What happened 3rd May 1793?
8,000 sans culottes surrounded the Convention demanding price controls that Robespierre but into place despite Girondin objections
What happened 2nd June 1793?
100,000 sans culottes surrounded the Convention and demanded that the Girondins be expelled, leading to 29 deputies being expelled
What sparked the federalist revolt?
Girondin explosions from the Convention
How many departements protested against the explosions?
60/83
Why was Toulon so dangerous for the French?
It joined forces with the British
It contained 1/3 of the French navy
When was Toulon crushed and by who?
December by Napoleon
When was the Jacobin constitution produced and why was it never put in place?
24 June 1973
Because of the war
When was the levee en masse issued?
23 August 1793
Who was given immediate military service under the levee en masse?
All men aged 18-25 without dependents
How many generals were executed in 1793?
17
Who murdered Marat and when?
Charlotte Corday
13 July 1793
Why were armees revolutionaries established?
To force farmers to surrender grain and to attach orders
Established 9 September
What was the Law of the General Maximum?
A law passed on the 29 September that put price controls on a wider range of goods- same as the price for 1790 plus one third
Also imposed wage regulations
What was the Law of Suspects?
A law passed not he 17 September 1793 that broadened the definition of a suspect
Who was the first of the show trials?
Marie Antoinette who was executed on the 16 October
How many cases did the Tribunal deal with between September and December?
500,000
Who else was executed in show trials?
21 expelled Girondins, duc d’Orleans and Madame Roland
How many were killed in Lyons with grapeshot?
2,000
Where were people executed in mass drownings?
Nantes
When did dechristianisation become an official policy?
October 1793
What did Notre Dame become?
The Temple of Reason
What was the Law of 14 Frimaire?
A law passed 4 December to limit san culotte influence by disbanding armees revolutionaires and popular societies while also giving the CPS direct power over ministers, generals, representents en mission and local government
What was passed to try and console sans culottes in December 1793?
Laws of Ventose promised them a share of property, although this was largely ignored
When were the Herbertists executed?
24th March 1794
When were the Indulgents executed and who were the leaders?
5 March
Danton and Desmoulins
When was the Festival of the Supreme being?
8th June 1974
What was the Law of the 22 Prairial?
A law on the 8 May 1794 that centralised Terror, closing down all provincial Tribunals, ensuring trials could only last 3 days and that the only outcomes were death or acquittal as well as not allowing a defence or witnesses
How many executions between 10 June and 26 July?
1284
What percent of executions under the Great Terror were from the first 2 estates?
60%
35% noble, 25% clergy
Reasons for Robespierre’s downfall?
He had a month in isolation which raised suspicion and fear
In his first speech on the 8 Thermidor (26 July) he made unspecific comments about people making people scared
Tensions within the CPS
Fears that he was becoming a dictator
When was Robespierre and the rest of the CPS executed?
10 Thermidor (28 July)
