The Terrain. Flashcards
Why did the terrain prevent the Allies from breaking the stalemate in Gallipoli?
The terrain was inhospitable, characterised by rocky ground with little vegetation and hilly land with steep ravines. After initial assaults on Gallipoli in April 1915, the Allied invasion lost its momentum in the face of strong Turkish resistance.
Why was the weather in Gallipoli instrumental?
Gallipoli had extremes of weather. During the summer months, it was blisteringly hot, which helped the spread of disease and flies and made the men’s tiny water rations feel even more inadequate. But the temperature could also plummet, and in the autumn and winter of 1915, the troops were shivering in their light uniforms; large numbers suffered from trench foot and frostbite.
What did a lack of water do to the men in Gallipoli?
Fresh water was scarce on the dusty, dry Gallipoli peninsula, particularly at Anzac Cove - and was strictly rationed out. Getting water supplies to the troops was an arduous process.
It was brought from abroad by sea and kept in tanks on the coast, then taken up to the trenches by troops or animal transport. The water shortage soon took its toll on men who were already weakened by the harsh climate and living conditions.
Describe how the terrain affected the Battle of the Somme.
Further complicating matters was the geographical layout of the Western Front, marked by numerous obstacles such as rivers and hills. An interesting example of how geography played a significant role in the stalemate could be seen during the Battle of the Somme. The river Somme, running the length of the battlefield, provided a natural barrier making major offensives extremely difficult and led to devastating losses while trying to cross under heavy enemy fire.
