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PSYCO 377 > The Temporal Lobe > Flashcards

The Temporal Lobe Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the temporal lobe?

A
  • Lateral surface (auditory areas, ventral stream of visual information)
  • Insula
  • Multimodal Cortex/Polymodal Cortex
  • Medial temporal cortex
  • TH and TF
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2
Q

What are the subcortical temporal lobe structures?

A
  • Limbic cortex
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampal formation
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3
Q

What does the lateral surface of the temporal lobe consist of?

A
  • Auditory areas (Brodmann’s areas 41, 42, and 22)

- Ventral stream of visual information (inferotemporal cortex or TE, Brodmann’s areas 20, 21, 37, and 38)

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4
Q

What does the insula do?

A
  • Gustatory cortex (taste perception)
  • Auditory association cortex
  • Located under Sylvian fissure
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5
Q

What does the multimodal cortex do?

A
  • Receives input from auditory, visual, and somatic regions

- Located under superior temporal sulcus

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6
Q

What does the medial temporal cortex contain?

A

-Amygdala and adjacent cortex (uncus), hippocampus and surrounding cortex, and the fusiform gyrus

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7
Q

Where are the TH and TF regions?

A
  • Posterior end of temporal lobe

- Parahippocampal cortex

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8
Q

What are the major connections of the temporal lobe? What are their functions?

A
  • Hierarchical sensory pathway (incoming auditory and visual information, stimulus recognition)
  • Dorsal auditory pathway (from auditory to posterior parietal; detection of spatial location/movement)
  • Polymodal pathway (from auditory and visual areas to polymodal cortex; stimulus categorization)
  • Medial temporal projection (from auditory and visual areas to medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala; perforant pathway, long-term memory)
  • Frontal lobe projection (auditory and visual cortex to the frontal lobe; movement control, short-term memory)
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9
Q

What are the three basic sensory functions of the temporal lobe?

A
  • Processing auditory input
  • Visual object recognition
  • Long-term storage of information (memory)
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10
Q

What are the sensory processes of the temporal lobe?

A
  • Identification and categorization of stimuli (shape, size, colour)
  • Cross-modal matching (match visual and auditory stimuli, depends on cortex of superior temporal sulcus)
  • Directional attention (focus on different aspects of object)
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11
Q

What are the affective responses of the temporal lobe?

A

-Emotional responses associated with a particular stimulus

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12
Q

What controls spatial navigation in the temporal lobe?

A

-The hippocampus (spatial memory)

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13
Q

What is the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and what is its role in biological motion?

A
  • The STS is activated during biological motion
  • Biological motion = movement relative to a species; allows us to guess others intentions; allows for social cognition (“theory of mind”)
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14
Q

How is language processed in the temporal lobe?

A
  • Speech sounds come from three restricted ranges of frequencies, known as formants
  • Speech sounds vary between contexts, but all are perceived as being the same
  • Mechanism for categorizing differing sounds as being equivalent
  • Special mechanism for speech perception is in the left temporal lobe
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15
Q

What are the three categories of music?

A
  • Loudness: Magnitude of a sensation as judged by a given person
  • Timbre: Distinctive characteristic of sound
  • Pitch: Position of a sound in a musical scale as judged by the listener (frequency)
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16
Q

How is music processed in the temporal lobe?

A
  • Relies on relation between elements
  • Loudness, timbre, and pitch
  • Patients with temporal lobe injuries illustrate that left temporal lobe plays a role in temporal grouping for rhythm, whereas the right temporal lobe plays role in meter
  • Segmentation of sequences of pitch into groups based on duration of sounds (temporal grouping)
  • Identification of temporal rhythm, or beat
  • Right temporal lobe special function is extracting pitch from sound, regardless of if sound is speech or music (prosody - “tone or voice” or pitch in speech)
17
Q

In music perception, what are the functions of the left and right temporal lobes?

A
  • Left temporal lobe = Rhythm

- Right temporal lobe = Pitch

18
Q

Musicians have a larger volume of gray and white matter in which part of their brain?

A

-Heschl’s gyrus

19
Q

Fundamental-pitch listeners and spectral-pitch listeners have asymmetry in which side of the brain?

A
  • Fundamental-pitch listeners = leftward asymmetry

- Spectral-pitch listeners = rightward asymmetry

20
Q

What are the symptoms of temporal lobe lesions?

A
  • Auditory disturbance
  • Disorders of music perception
  • Disturbance of selection of visual and auditory input
  • Impaired organization and categorization
  • Inability to use contextual information
  • Altered personality and affective behaviour
  • Altered sexual behaviour (amygdala)
  • Long-term memory problems
21
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Amnesia for events after bilateral removal of the medial temporal lobes

22
Q

What is the function of the inferotemporal cortex?

A

Conscious recall of information

23
Q

What is the function of the left temporal lobe?

A

Visual memory

24
Q

What is the function of the right temporal lobe?

A

Impaired recall of nonverbal material (drawings etc.)

25
Q

Feelings of fear are produced by stimulation of what areas of the brain?

A

The anterior and medial temporal cortex

26
Q

What are the characteristics of temporal lobe personality?

A
  • Overemphasize trivial and petty details of life
  • Pedantic speech
  • Egocentricity
  • Perseveration
  • Paranoia
  • Preoccupation with religion
  • Proneness to aggression
27
Q

How is auditory processing capacity assessed?

A

Dichotic words and melodies

28
Q

How is visual processing capacity assessed?

A

McGill picture anomalies

29
Q

How is verbal memory assessed?

A
  • Revised Weschler Memory scale

- Logical stories and paired associates

30
Q

How is nonverbal memory assessed?

A

Rey complex figure

31
Q

How is language assessed?

A

Token test

32
Q

What occurs with the Capgras illusion?

A
  • Need to evoke emotion when looking at an object - this is done by the amygdala
  • Message does not get to the amygdala, but it does get to the temporal cortex (recognition)
  • The individual can recognize people on the phone, but not in person
  • Separate pathway to amygdala from auditory cortex
  • Thinks people that he knows are impostors of his loved ones

PSYCO 377 (13 decks)

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